Unit 1.2 and 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

regulates the flow of materials
into and out of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

fluid portion and the organelles

A

cytosol

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3
Q

houses most of the cell’s DNA.

A

nucleus

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4
Q

passive
ions move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until an equilibrium is reached

A

Diffusion

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5
Q

The rate of diffusion across a plasma
membrane is affected by:

A

the steepness of the concentration gradient

Temperature

mass of the diffusing substance

surface area available for diffusion

the distance over which diffusion must occur

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6
Q

solute moves down its
concentration gradient across the lipid
bilayer through a membrane channel

A

Channel-mediated
facilitated diffusion

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7
Q

solute binds to a specific carrier
protein on one side of the
membrane and is released on
the other side after the
carrier undergoes a change in
shape

A

Carrier-mediated
facilitated diffusion

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8
Q

there is net movement of
water through a selectively
permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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9
Q

red blood cells maintain their normal
shape

A

isotonic

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10
Q

swell and undergo
hemolysis

A

hypotonic

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11
Q

shrink and undergo
crenation

A

hypertonic

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12
Q

the method of transporting material that requires energy

Allows movement from a lower concentration to a higher
concentration

A

Active transport

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13
Q

move two substances
in the same direction
across the membrane

A

Symporters

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14
Q

move two substances
in opposite directions

A

Antiporters

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15
Q

detach to move into

A

Endocytosis

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16
Q

merge to move materials out

A

Exocytosis

17
Q

selective uptake of
large molecules and particles

clathrin-mediated
endocytosis

A

Receptor-mediated
endocytosis

18
Q

captures the cellular fluid and
dissolved substances

(“pino” means “to drink”)

A

Bulk-phase endocytosis
(pinocytosis)

19
Q

no extension

A

pinocytosis

20
Q

extends outwards

A

phagocytosis

21
Q

vesicles undergo endocytosis
on one side of a cell, move
across the cell, and undergo
exocytosis on the opposite
side

A

Transcytosis

22
Q

synthesizing large numbers of diverse proteins.

a gene’s DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein.

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

23
Q

flow of genetic information

suggests that DNA contains the information needed to make all of our proteins, and that RNA is a messenger that carries this information to the ribosomes

A

The Central Dogma of Life

24
Q

the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into
small, portable mRNA (messenger RNA)

Newly synthesized pre-mRNA is modified before leaving the nucleus

A

TRANSCRIPTION

25
the nucleotide sequence of mRNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
TRANSLATION
26
process by which cells reproduce themselves.
CELL DIVISION
27
-cell undergoes a nuclear division called mitosis and a cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis -two genetically identical cells,
SOMATIC CELL DIVISION
28
produces gametes, meiosis, in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced by half
REPRODUCTIVE DIVISION
29
progressive alteration of the body’s homeostatic adaptive responses
AGING
30
a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled or abnormal cell division
CANCER
31
divide without control, the excess tissue that develops is called
a tumor or neoplasm.
32
The study of tumors is called
oncology
33
cancerous growths of melanocytes,
Melanomas
34
any cancer arising from muscle cells or connective tissues
Sarcoma
35
cancer of blood-forming organs characterized by rapid growth of abnormal leukocytes
Leukemia
36
malignant disease of lymphatic tissue
Lymphoma