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Anaphy Lab > Unit 1.2 and 1.3 > Flashcards

Unit 1.2 and 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

regulates the flow of materials
into and out of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

fluid portion and the organelles

A

cytosol

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3
Q

houses most of the cell’s DNA.

A

nucleus

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4
Q

passive
ions move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until an equilibrium is reached

A

Diffusion

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5
Q

The rate of diffusion across a plasma
membrane is affected by:

A

the steepness of the concentration gradient

Temperature

mass of the diffusing substance

surface area available for diffusion

the distance over which diffusion must occur

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6
Q

solute moves down its
concentration gradient across the lipid
bilayer through a membrane channel

A

Channel-mediated
facilitated diffusion

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7
Q

solute binds to a specific carrier
protein on one side of the
membrane and is released on
the other side after the
carrier undergoes a change in
shape

A

Carrier-mediated
facilitated diffusion

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8
Q

there is net movement of
water through a selectively
permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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9
Q

red blood cells maintain their normal
shape

A

isotonic

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10
Q

swell and undergo
hemolysis

A

hypotonic

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11
Q

shrink and undergo
crenation

A

hypertonic

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12
Q

the method of transporting material that requires energy

Allows movement from a lower concentration to a higher
concentration

A

Active transport

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13
Q

move two substances
in the same direction
across the membrane

A

Symporters

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14
Q

move two substances
in opposite directions

A

Antiporters

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15
Q

detach to move into

A

Endocytosis

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16
Q

merge to move materials out

A

Exocytosis

17
Q

selective uptake of
large molecules and particles

clathrin-mediated
endocytosis

A

Receptor-mediated
endocytosis

18
Q

captures the cellular fluid and
dissolved substances

(“pino” means “to drink”)

A

Bulk-phase endocytosis
(pinocytosis)

19
Q

no extension

A

pinocytosis

20
Q

extends outwards

A

phagocytosis

21
Q

vesicles undergo endocytosis
on one side of a cell, move
across the cell, and undergo
exocytosis on the opposite
side

A

Transcytosis

22
Q

synthesizing large numbers of diverse proteins.

a gene’s DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein.

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

23
Q

flow of genetic information

suggests that DNA contains the information needed to make all of our proteins, and that RNA is a messenger that carries this information to the ribosomes

A

The Central Dogma of Life

24
Q

the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into
small, portable mRNA (messenger RNA)

Newly synthesized pre-mRNA is modified before leaving the nucleus

A

TRANSCRIPTION

25
Q

the nucleotide sequence of mRNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein

A

TRANSLATION

26
Q

process by which cells reproduce themselves.

A

CELL DIVISION

27
Q

-cell undergoes a nuclear division called mitosis and a
cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis
-two genetically identical cells,

A

SOMATIC CELL DIVISION

28
Q

produces gametes,
meiosis, in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced by half

A

REPRODUCTIVE DIVISION

29
Q

progressive alteration of
the body’s homeostatic adaptive responses

A

AGING

30
Q

a group of diseases
characterized by uncontrolled
or abnormal cell division

A

CANCER

31
Q

divide without control,
the excess tissue that develops
is called

A

a tumor or neoplasm.

32
Q

The study of tumors is called

A

oncology

33
Q

cancerous growths of melanocytes,

A

Melanomas

34
Q

any cancer arising from muscle cells or
connective tissues

A

Sarcoma

35
Q

cancer of blood-forming organs characterized by rapid
growth of abnormal leukocytes

A

Leukemia

36
Q

malignant disease of lymphatic tissue

A

Lymphoma

Anaphy Lab (11 decks)

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