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Anaphy Lab > Cerebrospinal Fluid > Flashcards

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

major fluid of the body

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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2
Q

physiologic function

A

supply nutrients
remove metabolic waste
mechanical barrier; cushion brain & SC

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3
Q

3 basic function

A

Mechanical protection
Chemical protection
Circulation

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4
Q

appearance of csf

A

clear, colorless liquid

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5
Q

csf is composed of

A

water

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6
Q

csf carries

A

glucose, proteins, lactic acid, urea, cations, anions, WBC

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7
Q

volume of csf adult

A

80-150mL

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8
Q

volume of csf neonates

A

10- 60mL

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9
Q
  • shock-absorbing medium
  • protects
  • fluid buoys the brain so that it “floats”
A

Mechanical protection

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10
Q
  • optimal chemical environment
  • neuron signaling
A

Chemical protection

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11
Q

exchange of nutrients and waste products

A

Circulation

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12
Q

brain and spinal cord are lined by

A

meninges

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13
Q

hard mother layer of meninges
lines skull and vertebral canal

A

dura mater

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14
Q

spiderweb-like layer of meninges
filamentous inner membrane

A

arachnoid

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15
Q

gentle mother layer of meninges
thin membrane lining the surfaces of brain and spinal cord

A

pia mater

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16
Q

csf is formed by/produced by

A

choroid plexuses

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17
Q

where in choroid plexuses csf is formed?

A

2 lumbar plexuses and 3rd 4th ventricles

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18
Q

csf flows through

A

subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mates)

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19
Q

csf is reabsorbed in

A

arachnoid granulation

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20
Q

production of csf happens in

A

single layer of Ependymal cells

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21
Q

what happens in ependymal cells

A

selected amounts of plasma is filtered from capillaries and are secreted

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22
Q
  • bidirectional
  • filters blood to CSF
  • accounts For production of csf
  • transport metabolites
A

secretory capacity

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23
Q
  • tight junctions by EPENDYMAL cells
  • permits substances to enter the CSF but excludes others
A

Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid

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24
Q
  • tight junctions OF capillary endothelial cells
  • protection From materials/substances circulating in the blood
A

Blood Brain Barrier

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25
Q
  • finger-like extensions
  • gradual CSF reabsorption
A

Arachnoid villi/ granulation

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26
Q

reabsorption rate of csf

A

hourly: 20mL/ hour
daily: 480mL/day

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27
Q

csf is routinely collected by

A

lumbar puncture /spinal tap
3rd, 4th, 5th lumbar vertebra

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28
Q

spinal tap precautions

A
  • movement of intracranial pressure
  • prevention of infection of neural tissue damage
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29
Q

specimens are collected in 3 sterile tubes

A

① Clinical chemistry
② Microbiology
③ Hematology

30
Q

tube 1
Clinical chemistry /serology

A
  • least affected by blood or bacterial contamination
31
Q

tube 2
Microbiology

A
  • presence or absence of bacteria or pathogens
  • make sure of the sterility
32
Q

tube 3
Hematology

A
  • perform cell count
  • least likely to contain cells introduced by spinal tap
33
Q

tube 4
- exclude skin contamination
- additional serologic testing

A

Microbiology

34
Q

additional test for leftover supernatant fluid

A

chemical or serologic tests

35
Q

contamination is caused by

A

norma Flora from the skin

36
Q

storage for Clinical chemistry / serology

A
  • Frozen / Freezing temp
    to keep sterility
    CSF glucose will be depleted if not preserved
37
Q

storage for Microbiology

A
  • room temperature
  • cannot be frozen/refrigerated; pathogens will be killed
38
Q

storage for Hematology

A
  • refrigerated
39
Q

storage for supernatant fluid

A
  • Frozen
40
Q

clarity is checked against

A

printed background

41
Q

Appearance
-clear

A

Normal

42
Q

Appearance
-increased protein & lipid concentration
-indicative of infection

A

turbid

43
Q

appearance
presence of WBCS

A

cloudy

44
Q

due to presence of RBC degradation products

A

Xanthochromic

45
Q

slight hemolysis- slight amount of oxyhemoglobin

A

pink supernatant

46
Q

heavy hemolysis; prolonged presence of oxyhemoglobin

A

orange supernatant

47
Q

oxy hemoglobin → unconjugated bilirubin

A

yellow supernatant

48
Q
  • uneven
  • Tl >T2 >T3
  • least T3
A

Blood distribution
* traumatic tap

49
Q
  • evenly distributed between tubes clot formation
A

Blood distribution
* Inter cranial hemorrhage

50
Q

clot formation
* Traumatic tap

A
  • present due to fibrinogen
51
Q

protein that promotes coagulation/clotting

A

fibrinogen

52
Q

clot formation
* Inter cranial hemorrhage

A
  • absent
53
Q

Xanthochromic supernatant
* Traumatic tap

A
  • absent supernatant
54
Q

Xanthochromic supernatant
* Inter cranial hemorrhage

A
  • present clear supernatant
55
Q

RBCs must remain in CSF for ___ prior hemolysis

A

2 hrs

56
Q

blood glucose shall be drawn out __ before spinal tap

A

2 hrs

57
Q

Normal value of plasma glucose

A

60-70 %

58
Q

decreased CSF glucose: determining cause of__

A

meningitis

59
Q

increased CSF glucose

A

plasma elevations

60
Q

low glucose, increased neutrophils

A

bacterial meningitis

61
Q

low glucose, increased lymphocytes

A

tubercular meningitis

62
Q

normal CSF glucose, increased lymphocytes

A

viral meningitis

63
Q
  • marker For meningitis
  • contained within RBC
A

CSF lactate

64
Q

> 35 mg/dL

A

bacterial meningitis

65
Q

<25 mg/dL

A

viral meningitis

66
Q
  • tissue destruction within CNS
  • oxygen deprivation/hypoxia
A

Increased CSF lactic acid levels

67
Q

RBcs contain ___ of lactate and falsely elevated results maybe obtained on ___

A

high concentration; xanthochromic

68
Q

normal concentration of csf glutamine

A

8-18 mg/dL

69
Q

CSF glutamine is produced by

A

ammonia & alpha-ketoglutarate by brain cells

70
Q
  • remove toxic metabolic waste product ammonia
  • indirect marker for ammonia in CSF
A

csf glutamine

Anaphy Lab (11 decks)

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