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Anaphy Lab > M4 U2 Respiratory System > Flashcards

M4 U2 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

an air distributor and a gas exchanger so that oxygen may be supplied to and carbon dioxide removed from the body’s cells.

A

respiratory system

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2
Q

Upper respiratory tract is composed of the

A

nose, pharynx, and larynx.

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3
Q

Lower respiratory tract is consists of the

A

trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, and
the lungs.

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4
Q

accessory structures respiratory system

A

Oral cavity

Rib cage

Respiratory muscles (including the diaphragm)

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5
Q
  • Area between the eyebrows
A

Root of the nose

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6
Q
  • Connects the root to the dorsum
A

Nose bridge

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7
Q
  • The anterior margin of the nose
A

Dorsum nasi

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8
Q
  • The tip of the nose
A

Apex

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9
Q
  • Wings of the nose
A

Ala

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10
Q
  • nostrils
A

Nares (anterior nares)

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11
Q

colloquially referred to as nose job

surgical procedure in which the shape of the external nose is altered

the term is used both for reconstructive surgery, to treat nasal injuries or defects, and
cosmetic surgery, which is for aesthetic purposes.

A

Rhinoplasty

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12
Q

formed by the cribriform plate
of ethmoid bone

A

roof

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13
Q

formed anteriorly by the hard
palate, and posteriorly by the soft palate

A

floor

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14
Q

Occurs when the palatine bones fail to
unit completely

The mouth is only partially separated from
the nasal cavity, and difficulties arise in
swallowing and speaking.

A

Cleft palate

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15
Q

Separated by a midline partition called the septum

A

Nasal cavity (internal nose)

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16
Q

Defect that blocks the passageway of air

A

Deviated septum

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17
Q

help to warm and moisten the air
that flows through the nose

A

nasal turbinates or nasal conchae

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18
Q

Overgrowth of nasal turbinates (commonly the inferior) that blocks passage of air through the nose

A

Turbinate hypertrophy

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19
Q

Lies superior to the nostrils

Lined with coarse hairs called vibrissae, sebaceous
glands, and numerous sweat glands

A

Nasal vestibule

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20
Q

Sequence of airflow in the nose

A

Anterior nares (nostrils)

Nasal vestibule

Inferior, middle, and superior meatus

Posterior nares

21
Q
  • Houses the smell receptors (axons of the
    olfactory nerve)
A

Olfactory mucosa

22
Q

Highly specialized respiratory mucosa

Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium rich in goblet cells

A

Nasal mucosa

23
Q

Four pairs of are air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity and take
their names from the skull bones they are located in

Produce mucus

Serve as resonating chambers for sound as we speak or sing

A

Paranasal Sinuses

24
Q

Another name for the throat

A

Pharnyx

25
Q

serves as an air passageway that
propels mucus

  • Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar
    epithelium
A

Nasopharynx

26
Q

serves as a passageway for both
air and swallowed food

  • lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous
    epithelium
A

Oropharynx

27
Q

opens into the esophagus
(food tube) posteriorly, and the larynx (voice
box) anteriorly

  • lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous
    epithelium
A

Laryngopharynx

28
Q

voice box

Lies between the root of the tongue and the
upper end of the trachea just below and in
front of the lowest part of the pharynx

Lined with ciliated pseuedostratified
columnar epithelium

except the vocal cords (stratified squamous
epithelium)

Protects the airway against the entrance of
solids or liquids during swallowing

A

Larynx

29
Q

The largest cartilage of the larynx

Gives the characteristic triangular shape to its
anterior wall

A

Thyroid cartilage

30
Q
  • Small leaf-shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone
A

Epiglottis

31
Q

The most important of the paired laryngeal
cartilages

The base of each cartilage articulates with the
superior border of the cricoid cartilage

Serve as points of attachment of the vocal
cords

A

Pyramid-shaped arytenoid cartilage

32
Q

False vocal cords

A

Vestibular fold

33
Q

True vocal cords

A

Vocal folds

34
Q

-The slitlike space between the true vocal
cords
-The narrowest part of the larynx

A

Rima glottides

35
Q

A tube that extends from the larynx in the
neck to the primary bronchi in the thoracic
cavity

The trachea divides into the right and left
primary bronchi at the carina.

It furnishes part of the open passageway
through which air can reach the lungs from the
outside

Obstruction of this airway for even a few
minutes causes death from asphyxiation

A

Trachea (windpipe)

36
Q

Cutting an opening into the trachea an inserting a tube to allow air to pass into the lungs

Also done for patients who cannot breathe on their own (endotracheal intubation)

A

Tracheostomy

37
Q

These structures resemble an inverted tree
trunk with its branches

A

Bronchi

38
Q

From the bronchioles, they subdivide and
further branch into alveolar ducts, which
terminate into alveolar sacs that contain
alveoli

Lined with simple squamous epithelium

The primary gas exchange structures of
the respiratory tract

Very effective in the exchange of carbon
dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)

A

Alveoli

39
Q

The barrier across which
gases are exchanged between alveolar air
and the blood is called the

A

respiratory membrane

40
Q

helps reduce surface tension – the
force of attraction between water molecules –
of the fluid. Thus it helps prevent each
alveolus from collapsing and “sticking shut” as
air moves in and out during respiration

A

Surfactant

41
Q

Cone-shaped organs, large enough to fill
the pleural portion of the thoracic cavity
completely

Extend from the diaphragm to a point
slightly above the clavicles and lie against
the ribs both anteriorly and posteriorly

A

LUNGS

42
Q

Each lung is enclosed and protected by a
double-layered serous membrane called
the

A

pleural membrane or pleura

43
Q

From the greek word “Rhinos”, nose

An inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity

Commonly caused by a viral infection, as in the
common cold (rhinoviruses) or flu (influenza
viruses).

Can also be caused by nasal irritants

A

RHINITIS

44
Q

Inflammation of the pharynx

Referred to as a “sore throat”

Bacterial infection by Streptococcus bacteria is
called “strep throat”

A

Pharyngitis

45
Q

Inflammation of the mucous lining of the
larynx, characterized by edema of the vocal
cords, resulting in hoarseness (dysphonia) or
loss of voice

A

Laryngitis

46
Q

A common condition characterized by acute
inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree,
most commonly caused by infection

A

Acute bronchitis

47
Q

inflammation of the lower respiratory tract
that involves the airways of the lungs proper is

Characterized by a high fever, severe chills,
headache, cough, and chest pain

A test examining arterial blood may reveal hypoxia

A

pneumonia.

48
Q

Chronic bacillus infection caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Highly contagious disease, transmitted by
airborne mechanisms

Inflammatory lesions called “tubercles” form
around colonies of TB bacilli in the lung,
producing the characteristic symptoms of
nonproductive cough, fatigue, chest pains,
weight loss, and fever

A

Tuberculosis

49
Q

Can be caused by violent sneezing or nose blowing, chronic infection or inflammation,
hypertension, or a strong bump or blow to the nose

Immediate direct pressure such as ice packs will slow or stop the bleeding

A

Nosebleed

Anaphy Lab (11 decks)

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