Integumentary System Flashcards by Aubs Ganda

contributes to homeostasis by protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature.

allows to sense stimuli in your external environment.

composed of the skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors.

integumentary system

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types of tissues

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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flat

squamous

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cube

cuboidal

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column

columnar

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1 layer`

simple

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more than 1 layer

stratified

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pseudostratified

1 layered NOT/FALSE stratified

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transitional

flat, cuboidal, round, stretched

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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

Regulates body temperature
Stores blood
Protects body from external environment
Detects cutaneous sensations
Excretes and absorbs secretions
Synthesizes Vitamin D

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-outermost layer of skin on your body, which protects underlying tissues
-composed of keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium.

epidermis

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-90% of epidermal cells are __
-produce lamellar granules
tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and
-underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals

Keratinocytes

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release a water-repellent sealant that decreases water entry and loss and inhibits the entry of foreign materials

lamellar granules

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develop from the ectoderm of a developing embryo and produce the pigment melanin

Melanocytes

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a yellow-red or brown-black pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging ultraviolet (UV) light

Melanin

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-Langerhans cells
-arise from red bone marrow and
migrate to the epidermis
-participate in immune responses

Intraepidermal macrophages

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Merkel cells
-the least numerous
-located in the deepest layer of the epidermis
-they contact the flattened process of a sensory neuron (nerve cell)
-detect touch sensations

Tactile epithelial cells

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-25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes in thin skin, 50 or more in thick skin
- Increased friction, increases keratinocyte production,
increasing number of layers, forming a callus.

STRATUM CORNEUM

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-Present only in the thick skin
-Consists of 4-6 layers of flattened clear, dead keratinocytes that contain large amounts of keratin
and thickened plasma membranes.

STRATUM LUCIDUM

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where exposure to friction is greatest, such as in the fingertips, palms, and soles,

thick skin

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-Consists of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis.

-organelles of begin to degenerate as they move farther from their source of nutrition

-keratin intermediate filaments become more apparent because the organelles in the cells are regressing.

-presence of keratohyalin, lamellar granules

-keratinocytes can no longer carry on vital metabolic reactions, and they die.

transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

darkly staining granules of a protein
assembles keratin intermediate filaments into keratin

keratohyalin

keratinocytes arranged in 8–10 layers.

Cells are somewhat flattened.

keratinocytes are produced by the
stem cells in the basal layer

cells shrink and pull apart when prepared for microscopic examination, appear, to be covered with thorn like
spines

provides strength and flexibility

Intraepidermal macrophages and
projections of melanocytes

STRATUM SPINOSUM

bundles of keratin intermediate filaments insert into desmosomes, which tightly join the cells to one another.

spinelike projection

-deepest layer of the epidermis. -stratum germinativum -single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes. -Some cells in this layer are stem cells -nuclei of keratinocytes are large,

STRATUM BASALE

-Composed of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers. -Has the ability to stretch and recoil easily.(elasticity)

DERMIS

Makes up about one-fifth of the thickness of the total layer. It contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibers. surface area is greatly increased by dermal papillae

Papillary Region

small, nipple-shaped project into the undersurface of the epidermis Meissner’s corpuscle, or corpuscles of touch nerve endings sensitive to touch

dermal papillae

Deeper portion of dermis consists of dense irregular connective tissue Strength Extensibility the ability to stretch Elasticity the ability to return to original shape after

Reticular region

- consists of areolar and adipose tissues.

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

peach fuzz or baby hair

Vellus hair

Replaces vellus hair after puberty

Terminal hair

Vellus hair quantity

5% in males 65% in females

Vellus hair location

Around the body, ears and nose

vellus hair texture

Short, fine, soft

Terminal or androgenic hair quantity

95% in males 35% in females

Terminal or androgenic hair location

Armpits, eyelashes, pubic hair, chest hair

Terminal or androgenic hair texture

Long, Coarse, hard

skin glands

Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands) Oil glands (sebaceous glands) Ceruminous Glands (Modified sweat glands in the external ear)

paleness of color in the sack due to lack of blood flow

Pallor

Blueness due to deficiency of oxygen in the blood

Cyanosis

abnormal yellowish discoloration of the sclerae of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes due to excess bilirubin in the blood.

Jaundice

Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow Could be due to inflammation, skin injury, or infection

Erythema

- Extravasation of blood into the skin

Hematoma

caused by excessive heat

burns

mild pain no blisters epidermis immediate flushing with cold water 3-6 days healing

1st degree

epidermis and part of dermis some skin functions are lost blister formation heal without skin grafting 3-4 weeks healing

2nd degree

all layers lost skin functions destroyed nerve endings regeneration occurs slowly

3rd degree

healthy skin will be transferred to affected area

skin grafting

auto graft- allograft- xeno graft-

from cells allograft- from another (same species) other species

estimates the surface area affected by burns

rule of nines

from degraded RBC yellow waste product photosensitive

bilirubin