Integumentary System Flashcards
contributes to homeostasis by protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature.
allows to sense stimuli in your external environment.
composed of the skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors.
integumentary system
types of tissues
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
flat
squamous
cube
cuboidal
column
columnar
1 layer`
simple
more than 1 layer
stratified
pseudostratified
1 layered NOT/FALSE stratified
transitional
flat, cuboidal, round, stretched
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Regulates body temperature
Stores blood
Protects body from external environment
Detects cutaneous sensations
Excretes and absorbs secretions
Synthesizes Vitamin D
-outermost layer of skin on your body, which protects underlying tissues
-composed of keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium.
epidermis
-90% of epidermal cells are __
-produce lamellar granules
tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and
-underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals
Keratinocytes
release a water-repellent sealant that decreases water entry and loss and inhibits the entry of foreign materials
lamellar granules
develop from the ectoderm of a developing embryo and produce the pigment melanin
Melanocytes
a yellow-red or brown-black pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging ultraviolet (UV) light
Melanin
-Langerhans cells
-arise from red bone marrow and
migrate to the epidermis
-participate in immune responses
Intraepidermal macrophages
- Merkel cells
-the least numerous
-located in the deepest layer of the epidermis
-they contact the flattened process of a sensory neuron (nerve cell)
-detect touch sensations
Tactile epithelial cells
-25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes in thin skin, 50 or more in thick skin
- Increased friction, increases keratinocyte production,
increasing number of layers, forming a callus.
STRATUM CORNEUM
-Present only in the thick skin
-Consists of 4-6 layers of flattened clear, dead keratinocytes that contain large amounts of keratin
and thickened plasma membranes.
STRATUM LUCIDUM
where exposure to friction is greatest, such as in the fingertips, palms, and soles,
thick skin
-Consists of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis.
-organelles of begin to degenerate as they move farther from their source of nutrition
-keratin intermediate filaments become more apparent because the organelles in the cells are regressing.
-presence of keratohyalin, lamellar granules
-keratinocytes can no longer carry on vital metabolic reactions, and they die.
transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
darkly staining granules of a protein
assembles keratin intermediate filaments into keratin
keratohyalin
keratinocytes arranged in 8–10 layers.
Cells are somewhat flattened.
keratinocytes are produced by the
stem cells in the basal layer
cells shrink and pull apart when prepared for microscopic examination, appear, to be covered with thorn like
spines
provides strength and flexibility
Intraepidermal macrophages and
projections of melanocytes
STRATUM SPINOSUM
bundles of keratin intermediate filaments insert into desmosomes, which tightly join the cells to one another.
spinelike projection
-deepest layer of the epidermis.
-stratum germinativum
-single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes.
-Some cells in this layer are stem cells
-nuclei of keratinocytes are large,
STRATUM BASALE
-Composed of dense irregular connective tissue containing
collagen and elastic fibers.
-Has the ability to stretch and
recoil easily.(elasticity)
DERMIS
Makes up about one-fifth of the
thickness of the total layer.
It contains thin collagen and fine
elastic fibers.
surface area is greatly
increased by dermal papillae
Papillary Region
small, nipple-shaped
project into the undersurface of the epidermis
Meissner’s corpuscle, or corpuscles of touch
nerve endings sensitive to touch
dermal papillae
Deeper portion of dermis
consists of dense irregular
connective tissue
Strength
Extensibility the ability to stretch
Elasticity the ability to return to
original shape after
Reticular region
- consists of areolar
and adipose tissues.
SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
peach fuzz or baby hair
Vellus hair
Replaces vellus hair
after puberty
Terminal hair
Vellus hair
quantity
5% in males
65% in females
Vellus hair location
Around the body, ears
and nose
vellus hair texture
Short, fine, soft
Terminal or androgenic
hair quantity
95% in males
35% in females
Terminal or androgenic
hair location
Armpits, eyelashes,
pubic hair, chest hair
Terminal or androgenic
hair texture
Long, Coarse, hard
skin glands
Sweat glands (sudoriferous
glands)
Oil glands (sebaceous glands)
Ceruminous Glands (Modified sweat glands in the external
ear)
paleness of color in
the sack due to
lack of blood flow
Pallor
Blueness due to
deficiency of oxygen
in the blood
Cyanosis
abnormal yellowish discoloration of the sclerae of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes due to excess bilirubin in the blood.
Jaundice
Redness of the skin due to
increased blood flow
Could be due to inflammation, skin
injury, or infection
Erythema
- Extravasation of blood into the skin
Hematoma
caused by excessive heat
burns
mild pain
no blisters
epidermis
immediate flushing with cold water
3-6 days healing
1st degree
epidermis and part of dermis
some skin functions are lost
blister formation
heal without skin grafting
3-4 weeks healing
2nd degree
all layers
lost skin functions
destroyed nerve endings
regeneration occurs slowly
3rd degree
healthy skin will be transferred to affected area
skin grafting
auto graft-
allograft-
xeno graft-
from cells
allograft- from another (same species)
other species
estimates the surface area affected by burns
rule of nines
from degraded RBC
yellow waste product
photosensitive
bilirubin
