Articular System Flashcards
- no synovial cavity
- permit little or no movement
-bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers
Fibrous joints
-Like a fibrous joint, lacks a synovial cavity and allows little or no movement
-bones are tightly connected by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Cartilaginous Joints
-have a synovial cavity and are united by the dense irregular connective tissue
Synovial Joints
allows considerable movement at a joint (diarthroses)
synovial cavity (joint cavity)
- Layer of hyaline cartilage
-covering the articular surfaces of the bones
with a smooth, slippery surface but does not bind them together. - reduces friction between bones, helps to absorb shock
Synovial Joints articular cartilage
- encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones
- is composed an outer FIBROUS membrane and an inner SYNOVIAL membrane
Articular capsule
- attaches to the periosteum of the articulating bones.
- thickened continuation of the periosteum
- permits considerable movement at a joint
-great tensile strength (resistance to stretching) helps prevent the bones from dislocating
Fibrous membrane
- composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
- secretes synovial fluid
Articular capsule
- Saclike structures that alleviates friction in some joints
- filled with a small amount of fluid that is similar to synovial fluid
- cushion the movement of these body parts against one another (knee, shoulder)
Bursae
- tubelike bursae
- they wrap around tendons that experience friction
- protects all sides of a tendon from friction as the tendon slides back and forth
Tendon Sheaths
a form of rheumatism in which the joints are swollen, stiff, and painful
Arthritis
- “wear-and-tear” arthritis, most common
- combination of aging, obesity, irritation of the joints, muscle weakness, and wear and abrasion.
- Articular cartilage deteriorates and new bone forms
- The articular cartilage is mainly affected, but the synovial membrane becomes
inflamed later in the disease
Osteoarthritis
-autoimmune disease; attacks its own cartilage and joint linings
-characterized by inflammation of the joint
Rheumatoid arthritis
-Excess production of uric acid
-form sodium urate which deposit in the joints of the tissues
-allopurinol
Gouty Arthritis
- caused by irritation
- caused by trauma, by an acute or chronic infection, or by rheumatoid arthritis
- common in adults and occurs around major joints
Bursitis
- an inflammation of the tendons, tendon sheaths, and synovial membranes
- resulting in tennis elbow and trigger finger
-swollen sheaths because of fluid accumulation.
-tenderness and pain - from trauma, strain, or excessive exercise
Tenosynovitis
- intervertebral disk protrudes beyond the edge of a vertebra.
- caused by excessive pressure on the vertebral column
- the protruding disk may place pressure on a spinal nerve
and cause considerable pain.
Herniated disk
-abnormal lateral curvature
-more common in adolescent girls
Scoliosis
- excessive thoracic curvature
- humpback condition
Kyphosis
-excessive lumbar curvature
-swayback condition
Lordosis
any break in a bone
fractures
- compound fracture
- protrude through the skin.
Open fracture
- simple fracture
- does not break the skin
Closed fracture
-splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces
Comminuted fracture
