Unit 10.3 Flashcards
What is the definition of meiosis?
Cell division to creak gametes
What is the definition of homologous chromosomes?
These are chromosomes that have the same size and type, just different letter alleles.
What is the definition of sister chromatids?
Sister chromatids are the two pieces of the chromosome put together to make a chromosome.
What is the definition of fertilization?
This is when an egg is joined by a sperm to create a zygote
What is the definition of Asexual reproduction?
This is when an organism is able to create offspring without the help of another organism.
What is the definition of sexual reproduction?
This is when an organism needs the help of another organism to reproduce offspring.
What is the definition of a gamete?
This is the reproduction cells created through meiosis.
What is the definition of a somatic cell?
A somatic cell is any cell created by a living organism that is not a reproductive cell.
What is the definition of a haploid (n)?
This is a cell that only has single strand chromatids, no pairs.
What is the definition of a diploid (2n)?
This is a cell that has pairs of chromatids.
What is the definition of a tetrad?
This is a group of two homologous chromosomes put together.
What is the definition of synapsis?
Pairing of homologous chromosomes.
What is the definition of crossing over?
This is when parts of the chromosomes are switched to create genetic variation. This occurs in prophase 1
What is the definition of independent assortment?
This is the random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis which leads to diverse DNA sequences.
What is the order and events stages of meiosis?
Interphase, Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2
When is the chromosome number reduced by half?
At the end of meiosis 1
What are the sources of genetic variation?
Either genetic mutations or in meiosis crossing over is a huge source of genetic variation.
Compare meiosis and mitosis
They both create more cells
Contrast meiosis and mitosis
Meiosis creates genetic variation and wants to create gametes. Mitosis on the other hand is just cell division and wants to create copies of the parent cell.
Compare/contrast asexual and sexual reproduction
They both are a way to create offspring. One needs two organisms and the other can reproduce on its own. For sexual reproduction the population grows slower and there is more genetic variation. For Asexual reproduction the population grows fast and it has very little genetic variation.
