Unit 10 Flashcards
The euglena depends on what to function properly?
The normal function of a single cell
Division Labour
When cells are specialized for one particular function, they can perform it more effectively and efficentl
Size
The surface area to volume ratio and the related rate of different restricts the sizeof a unicelluar organism.
What do transport systems permit?
The organism has to grow into a larger size
Independence of Cells
The life of a multicelluar organism does not depend on a single cell.
What happen when a cell functions abnormally?
The whole organism dies
What are plants ?
Plants are multicelluar organisms
What do multicelluar organisms do?
They peform each important function
Tissues
Group of similar cells that perform a specific function
Organ
Group of tissues that work together that perform a specific function
System
A set of organs or parts that perform one or more functions as a unit
Shoot System
The plant organ system that includes all tissues located above ground
Root System
The plant organ system that includes all tissue located below the ground
Why do cells divide?
For the growth of new tissue and repair of damaged tissue
Mitosis
The process of cell division that allows growth and repair
One cell divides into…
two cells
Cell division does not occur at…
the same rate throughout the organism
Meristems
Growth region of the plant with tissue in which cells divide by mitosis
Different meristems produce…
Root tissue and shoot tissue
The root and shoot systems are made up of…
Tissues specialized for different activities
Dermal tissue or epidermis
The outermost cell layer of plants;
One cell layer and is responsible for…
The exchange of matter and gases into and out of the plant
In woody plants, the epidermis is replaced by…
Cork and bark during the secondary growth stage of the development
The dermal tissue of the shoot system organs, the leaves and stem…
Is primarily involved in gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
The dermal tissue also protects the plant from
disease
Cuticle
Waxy, non-celluar, waterproof coating that covers a plant’s leaves and stems
Dermal tissue of the root system is responsible for
The uptake of water and mineral salts
Ground tissue
Parts of the plant body not included in the dermal or vascular tissue systems
Ground tissue in the stem provides…
Strength and support to the plant
Ground tissue in the roots involves
Food and waste storage
Ground tissue in the leaves involves the location..
Where photosynthesis occurs
The cells of the ground tissue are…
Loosely packed together and the air spaces between cells allow gases to diffuse rapidly through the ground tissue
Vascular tissue
Responsible for the transport of materials throughout the plant
Xylem tissue
Moves water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the stem to the leaves where they substances are used in photosynthesis
Xylem vessels are
Thick-walled tubes of varying diameters
The contents of the cytoplasm…
Break down and the cells die
Non-living ducts are responsible for the…
Movement of water and minerals up the stem
Phloem tissue
Transports sucrose and other dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant
Sieve tube cells
Cylindrical cells lacking nuclei and with perforated sides and end walls that allow the movement of phloem sap between cells
What happens when sieve tube cells remain alive?
They use lose their nuclei
Companion cells
Type of small phloem cells adajecent to sieve tube cells that appear to control sugar transport in the phloem
Companion cells are used to provide…
Energy for celluar processes or converted into cellulose
Cellulose forms…
Fibrous structures for strength and support
Cells become specialized because…
They need to perform a particular function and produce only the products needed for that function
Cells that become part of the root system and are responsible for…
The absorption of water and minerals from the soil, produce tiny hair like projections called root hairs.
Root hairs
Extension of a specialized dermal cell on a plant root, which absorbs water and minerals
Dermal cells of the shoot system produce…
Cuticle to protect the plants cells from water loss
The lower epidermal surface of leaves develops…
Specific cells called guard cells that form tiny pores called stomata for gas exchange
The guard cells are the only cells in the epidermis that contain…
Chloroplasts
The upper epidermis usually has fewer stomata than the…
Lower epidermis
Cells that become part of the xylem in the vascular tissue specialize to be able to…
Conduct water and to allow the transport of water to adjecent cells. These cells die during differentation of the xylem
