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Biology > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The euglena depends on what to function properly?

A

The normal function of a single cell

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2
Q

Division Labour

A

When cells are specialized for one particular function, they can perform it more effectively and efficentl

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3
Q

Size

A

The surface area to volume ratio and the related rate of different restricts the sizeof a unicelluar organism.

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4
Q

What do transport systems permit?

A

The organism has to grow into a larger size

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5
Q

Independence of Cells

A

The life of a multicelluar organism does not depend on a single cell.

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6
Q

What happen when a cell functions abnormally?

A

The whole organism dies

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7
Q

What are plants ?

A

Plants are multicelluar organisms

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8
Q

What do multicelluar organisms do?

A

They peform each important function

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9
Q

Tissues

A

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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10
Q

Organ

A

Group of tissues that work together that perform a specific function

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11
Q

System

A

A set of organs or parts that perform one or more functions as a unit

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12
Q

Shoot System

A

The plant organ system that includes all tissues located above ground

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13
Q

Root System

A

The plant organ system that includes all tissue located below the ground

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14
Q

Why do cells divide?

A

For the growth of new tissue and repair of damaged tissue

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15
Q

Mitosis

A

The process of cell division that allows growth and repair

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16
Q

One cell divides into…

A

two cells

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17
Q

Cell division does not occur at…

A

the same rate throughout the organism

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18
Q

Meristems

A

Growth region of the plant with tissue in which cells divide by mitosis

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19
Q

Different meristems produce…

A

Root tissue and shoot tissue

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20
Q

The root and shoot systems are made up of…

A

Tissues specialized for different activities

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21
Q

Dermal tissue or epidermis

A

The outermost cell layer of plants;

22
Q

One cell layer and is responsible for…

A

The exchange of matter and gases into and out of the plant

23
Q

In woody plants, the epidermis is replaced by…

A

Cork and bark during the secondary growth stage of the development

24
Q

The dermal tissue of the shoot system organs, the leaves and stem…

A

Is primarily involved in gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

25
Q

The dermal tissue also protects the plant from

A

disease

26
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy, non-celluar, waterproof coating that covers a plant’s leaves and stems

27
Q

Dermal tissue of the root system is responsible for

A

The uptake of water and mineral salts

28
Q

Ground tissue

A

Parts of the plant body not included in the dermal or vascular tissue systems

29
Q

Ground tissue in the stem provides…

A

Strength and support to the plant

30
Q

Ground tissue in the roots involves

A

Food and waste storage

31
Q

Ground tissue in the leaves involves the location..

A

Where photosynthesis occurs

32
Q

The cells of the ground tissue are…

A

Loosely packed together and the air spaces between cells allow gases to diffuse rapidly through the ground tissue

33
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Responsible for the transport of materials throughout the plant

34
Q

Xylem tissue

A

Moves water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the stem to the leaves where they substances are used in photosynthesis

35
Q

Xylem vessels are

A

Thick-walled tubes of varying diameters

36
Q

The contents of the cytoplasm…

A

Break down and the cells die

37
Q

Non-living ducts are responsible for the…

A

Movement of water and minerals up the stem

38
Q

Phloem tissue

A

Transports sucrose and other dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant

39
Q

Sieve tube cells

A

Cylindrical cells lacking nuclei and with perforated sides and end walls that allow the movement of phloem sap between cells

40
Q

What happens when sieve tube cells remain alive?

A

They use lose their nuclei

41
Q

Companion cells

A

Type of small phloem cells adajecent to sieve tube cells that appear to control sugar transport in the phloem

42
Q

Companion cells are used to provide…

A

Energy for celluar processes or converted into cellulose

43
Q

Cellulose forms…

A

Fibrous structures for strength and support

44
Q

Cells become specialized because…

A

They need to perform a particular function and produce only the products needed for that function

45
Q

Cells that become part of the root system and are responsible for…

A

The absorption of water and minerals from the soil, produce tiny hair like projections called root hairs.

46
Q

Root hairs

A

Extension of a specialized dermal cell on a plant root, which absorbs water and minerals

47
Q

Dermal cells of the shoot system produce…

A

Cuticle to protect the plants cells from water loss

48
Q

The lower epidermal surface of leaves develops…

A

Specific cells called guard cells that form tiny pores called stomata for gas exchange

49
Q

The guard cells are the only cells in the epidermis that contain…

A

Chloroplasts

50
Q

The upper epidermis usually has fewer stomata than the…

A

Lower epidermis

51
Q

Cells that become part of the xylem in the vascular tissue specialize to be able to…

A

Conduct water and to allow the transport of water to adjecent cells. These cells die during differentation of the xylem

Biology (19 decks)

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