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Biology > Chemistry 15-17 > Flashcards

Chemistry 15-17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Everything is made up of chemicals either in the form of…

A

Pure elements or more commonly in the form of compounds

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2
Q

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances

A

elements

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3
Q

There are about…

A

90 naturally and 25 synthetic elements

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4
Q

Based on their properties all elements are divided into 3 classes…

A

Metals, non-metals, and metalloids

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5
Q

A shiny, malleable ductile element

A

metals

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6
Q

Metals make up…

A

most elements

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7
Q

Metals are good conductions of…

A

Electricity and heat

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8
Q

Metals are…

A

Silver/grey and shiny

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9
Q

All malleable items can be…

A

Beaten or rolled into sheets without crumbling

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10
Q

All ductile materials can be…

A

Stretched into long wires

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11
Q

Metals are solid at

A

25 degrees

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12
Q

Some are highly reactive with…

A

Air and water other are unreactive

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13
Q

17 elements with varying properties that are different from metals

A

non-metals

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14
Q

Grouped together because…

A

They are different from metals

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15
Q

Non-metals vary

A

in colours and forms

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16
Q

Non-metals half exist as connected groups of atoms called…

A

Molecules, some only as individual atoms

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17
Q

Elements with properties between metals and non-metals

A

metalloids

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18
Q

Some metalloids conduct electricity but…

A

Not very well

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19
Q

A group of non-metal atoms bound by covenant bonds

A

molecule

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20
Q

Organizes all the elements according to their…

A

chemical properties

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21
Q

Metals located from the left side to the…

A

Centre of the table

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22
Q

Non-metals on…

A

Far right

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23
Q

A non-metal but located on the left because it behaves like a metal in chemical reactions

A

hydrogen

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24
Q

Period 1-7

A

horizontal row

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25
Q

Group or family 1-18

A

vertical column

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26
Q

Families of groups of elements that have…

A

Similar chemical and physical properties

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27
Q

Group 1 includes lithium, sodium and…

A

potassium

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28
Q

Alkali Metals…

A

Very reactive with water

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29
Q

Group 2 includes magnesium and…

A

Calcium

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30
Q

Reactive but not as alkali metals, less soluble than compounds formed by alkali metals

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

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31
Q

Group 18 contains helium, neon and…

A

Argon which are noble gases

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32
Q

Noble gases…

A

Non-reactive

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33
Q

Group 17 are the halogen, which consists of flourine, chlorine, bromine and…

A

Iodine

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34
Q

Poisonous, react with the alkali metals to form salts – compounds produced in neutralization reactions between acids and base

A

halogens

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35
Q

The smallest part of an element that still has the properties of the element.

A

atomic

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36
Q

Region of spaces near an atoms nucleas that may be empty or may contain electrons

A

energy levels

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37
Q

Electrons in energy levels nearest to the nucleas have…

A

The lowest energy levels

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38
Q

Electrons farther away from the nucleas…

A

Have more energy

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39
Q

First energy levels can hold up to…

A

2 electrons

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40
Q

2nd and 3rd levels can hold up to

A

8 electrons

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41
Q

The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons it has all atoms have an element of the same number of protons

A

atomic number

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42
Q

Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons.

A

isotopes

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43
Q

each isotope of an element is given a number called the

A

mass number

44
Q

An integer equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleas of an atom

A

mass number

45
Q

To determine the number of neutrons in an atom by

A

Subtracting the atomic number from the mass number

46
Q

Related to mass number, the average mass of the elements isotopes

A

atomic molar mass

47
Q

Number of electrons in an atom =

A

The number of protons

48
Q

The process of gaining or losing electrons

A

ionization

49
Q

electrically charged atom or group of atoms

A

ion

50
Q

Positively charged ions

A

cation

51
Q

Cations usually form when the metal atoms

A

lose electrons

52
Q

When electrons leave an atom

A

negative charges leave, the ions remain positively charged

53
Q

Has more protons than

A

electrons

54
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

anions

55
Q

Mostly form when non-metals gain

A

electrons

56
Q

Written by using the first part of the elements name and changing the end to

A

“ide”

57
Q

An element reactivity is related to the number

A

of electrons in it’s outer energy level

58
Q

elements are most stable, or unreactive when they have filled

A

the outer energy levels

59
Q

very stable, do not lose or gain electrons

A

noble gases

60
Q

Electrons in the outer energy level

A

valence electrons

61
Q

The tendency to gain or lose electrons

A

valence

62
Q

Used to describe the number of electrons an element can gain or lose to combine with other elements

A

valence number

63
Q

Elements in the same family have the same

A

number of valence electrons, resulting in similar chemical properties.

64
Q

From left or right on the periodic table, atoms gain one valence electrons

A

and proton per element

65
Q

States that atoms bond in such a way as to have eight electrons in their valance energy levels

A

the octect rule

66
Q

This is another way to say that atoms tend to be stable with

A

full outer energy levels

67
Q

Hydrogen, lithium, and beryllium only need two electrons in their

A

Valence level because the nearest noble gas, helium, has 2 electrons

68
Q

It is difficult for atoms to lose more than three electrons because

A

every time an electron is lost the nucleas, the nucleas makes the remaining electrons tighter

69
Q

Protons

A

atomic number

70
Q

Electrons

A

atomic number - charge

71
Q

Neutrons

A

Mass number - atomic number

72
Q

an organized array of ions

A

crystal lattice

73
Q

A neutral; smallest amount of an iconic compound with the composition shown by the chemical formula

A

formula unit

74
Q

multiple atoms of the same element

A

polyatomic molecule

75
Q

Atoms can exist on their own

A

monatomic molecule

76
Q

mono

A

1

77
Q

di

A

2

78
Q

tri

A

3

79
Q

tetra

A

4

80
Q

penta

A

5

81
Q

hexa

A

6

82
Q

hepta

A

7

83
Q

octa

A

8

84
Q

ennea

A

9

85
Q

deca

A

10

86
Q

identify ionic compounds

always contain positive and

A

negative ions

87
Q

presence of a

A

cation

88
Q

formula begins with a

A

metal ion

89
Q

good

A

conductors

90
Q

identify molecular compounds

groups of non-metallic atoms

A

neici together by bonds

91
Q

crystal

A

shape

92
Q

conducts

A

electricity

93
Q

polar =

A

each molecule has a positive and negative end

94
Q

living system depend on

A

polarity

95
Q

polarity makes it easier to be a

A

liquid

96
Q

electrolytes

A

any solution that can conduct electricity

97
Q

compound that dissolves water to form of solution with a PH LOWER THAN 7

A

acid

98
Q

compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a PH HIGHER THAN 7

A

base

99
Q

a measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

H

100
Q

A substance that can keep a PH nearly constant despite added acids and bases

A

Buffer

101
Q

In acid blue litmus paper turns red

A

Litmus indicator

102
Q

In base red litmus paper turns

A

blue

103
Q

neutral solution will

A

not change colour

104
Q

A mixture of several indicators that change colour as acidity changes

A

Universal indicator

105
Q

the presence of a hydrogen ion with a metal ion or allumonium ion

A

indicates that a substance is basic

106
Q

When acids and bases react and both a acidic and basic properties disappear produces water and compound – salt

A

Neutralization

107
Q

2 most hazardous recreation chemicals

A
  1. alcohol 2. Nicotine

Biology (19 decks)

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