Physics 25-26 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Exchanges both matter and energy

A

Open System

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2
Q

Cannot exchange matter but can exchange energy

A

Closed System

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3
Q

Cannot exchange either matter or energy

A

Isolated System

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4
Q

Work involves the movement of

A

Matter from one location to another

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5
Q

Heat is a transfer of

A

thermal energy from one location to another

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6
Q

Heat added to a system

A

by its surroundings

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7
Q

Work can be done on a

A

system by its surroundings

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8
Q

Work done on the system by the surroundings is considered

A

positive work because the energy of the system increases

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9
Q

Heat can flow out of the

A

system to its surroundings

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10
Q

Work can be done by a

A

system on its surroundings

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11
Q

Work done by a system on its surroundings considered

A

negative work because the energy of the system will decrease

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12
Q

That the total energy, including heat in a system and its surroundings remains constant

A

First Law of Thermodynamics

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13
Q

supported by

A

Joules experiments

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14
Q

When heat is added to a system, some of the

A

energy goes into increasing the internal energy of the system

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15
Q

Heat added to the system =

A

Mechanical energy + heat

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16
Q

The amount of heat put into a system must equal the amount

A

of mechanical energy plus heat lost by the system

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17
Q

The direction of energy flow in natural processes

A

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

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18
Q

Heat always flows naturally from a

A

hot object to a cold object but never naturally from a cold to a hot object

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19
Q

Flows from a high temperature area to a low temperature

A

Heat engine

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20
Q

A heat engine is a device that

A

converts heat into mechanical energy

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21
Q

Only some of the input heat can

A

be converted to mechanical energy

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22
Q

The remaining heat is expelled

A

as exhaust heat

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23
Q

Devices that convert heat into mechanical energy

A

Heat Pump

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24
Q

A thermo – electric converter

A

Heat engines

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25
Christian Huggens recognized that a successful reciprocating
needs a force to drive the piston forward and a force to pull back
26
Gases generated by an explosion inside
the engine drove the piston forward
27
Hazards of explosion and because there was no
Powerful internal mechanism to pull the piston back so the machine could operate continuously
28
Otto van Guerike demonstrated forces of
vacuums
29
Denis Papin designed the
first heat engine
30
Papin did not pursue the development of his engine because he
had difficulty masking the large drum which the water was to be heated
31
Thomas Saverg invented the
first successful steam powered pump
32
The pump could life water
to a height of 6m
33
The steam would be under to much
pressure without the boiler exploding
34
Thomas Newcomen invented
the next heat engine
35
Cycle of heating and cooling the cylinder was
inefficient and the engine required a lot of heat to function
36
James Watt was asked to repair
Thomas Newcomen's machine
37
Could not be made to be
small enough to replace
38
Heat that was created was
lost to the surroundings
39
Robert Steele revived Huygen's idea by
Using gas produced by an explosion
40
Phillipe Lebon used coal gas ignited
by an electrical spark inside the engine
41
Very inefficient and could not produce
enough force to operate a machine
42
Christin Huggens
Gunpower Engine
43
Otto von Guerike and Denis Papin
The heat engine
44
Thomas Savery
The Savery Engine
45
Thomas Newcomen
The newcomen engine
46
James Watt
The Watt Engine
47
Robert Steele and Phillppe Lebon
Internal Combustion Engine
48
N.A Otto and Eugen Langen improved the efficiency of the engine
by compressing the coal gas -- air mixture before ignition
49
They developed the
four-stroke internal combustion engine
50
Used coal gas as fuel which didn't burn
very hot so the engine was not that powerful
51
Gottlieb Daimler designed a petroleum fuelled
internal combustion engine that used gasoline
52
The initial energy source
Energy input
53
Desired energy needed to do the work
Useful energy output
54
The work the machine is supposed to do
Useful work output
55
Radiant energy
from the sun emitted by the hydrogen
56
Travels by
electromagnetic radiation
57
Directly through
plants or earth's surface
58
Heating of the surface of Earth by
the sun
59
Caused convections currents of
air or wind
60
Surface water is heated
by the sun ie biomass
61
Any form of
organic matter
62
Solar energy
sources
63
Store energy from the sun
through photosynthesis
64
Fossil fuels are
indirects solar energy
65
non-solar energy sources
no relationship with the sun
66
Fission reactions can be controlled by
the CANDU reactor
67
Movement of ocean water
Tidal energy
68
Caused by gravitational pull
by the moon
69
Renewable sources are
continually and infinitely available ie biomass
70
Non-renewable sources are
limited and irreplaceable ie Nuclear and Fossil Fuel
71
Popular
Energy demand
72
Many societies use non-renewable resources
Energy demand