Chemistry 18-20 Flashcards
Substances that react
Reactions
A new substance produced by a reactant
Products
Reactions that form gases
Chemical reaction
Reactions that form solids
Chemical reaction
AQ
Aqueous
S
Solid
G
Gas
Metals are solid
Elements
H2,N2,O2,F2,C2
Most diatomic elements (gases)
Bromide is a
liquid
Iodine is a
Solid
Ionic compounds are solid @
room temperature
Release energy usually in the form of heat, light or electricity
Exothermic Reactions
A chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen reacts rapidly with a substance to form a new substance and gives off energy
Combustion
A reaction that absorbs energy
Endothermic reaction
Exothermic or endothermic happen at an organisms internal temperature and are almost always helped by enzymes
Biochemical Reactions
Photosynthesis
endothermic
Cellular respiration
Exothermic
All reactions involve the production of new substances with their
own characteristics and properties
all reactions involve the
flow of energy
When new substances form in chemical reactions
sometimes changes of state can be observed
all chemical reaction are consistent to the
law of conservation of mass
how chemists recorded chemical reaction
chemical equation
The transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between the particles of a substance, without moving the particles to a new location.
Conduction
the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of particles
Convection
The pressure exerted by the mass of air above any point on warm air is less dense
Atmosphere Pressure
Movement of cool air from high pressure to low pressure
Wind
Deflection of any object from a straight line path by the rotation of Earth causes moving wind to turn right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere
Carigles Effect
When wind travels from regions near the equator NE and SE by rising current of air
Trade Winds
Bonds of fast mobbing air not subject to much friction and are so much faster than wind close to Earth’s surface
Jet Streams
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of lg. of substance by 1 degree Celsius
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of thermal energy absorbed or released based on the temp and mass of a substance
Quantity of Thermal Energy
Cycle of water molecules constantly moving among the components of the biosphere
Hydrologic Cycle
The amount of energy absorbed when 1 mol of substance changes from solid to liquid
Heat of Fusion
Energy released when 1 mol of a solid form
Heat of Solidification
Energy absorbed when 1 mol changes from liquid to gas
Heat of Vaporization
Scottish physician who observed that when a cold object is in a cup of hot water, the object warms up he explained this by suggesting heat was an invisible fluid, called a caloric fluid
Joseph Black
That heat and motion were related. He came to his conclusion when he noticed the endless amount of heat generated by the boring of brass canons
Benjamin Thompson
Linked mechanic energy to Leibniz’s theory of Kinetic and potential energy in moving objects. He suggested that energy which creates mechanic energy. He also thought that mechanical energy was related to the work a system can do
Thomas Young
Uses the chemical formula of reactant and products in a chemical equation to represent a chemical reaction
Formula Equation
Formula equation showing the identity of each substance involved in a chemical reaction
Skeleton Equation
A formula equation that follows the law of conservation of mass
Balanced Equation
A reactive element reacts
Single Replacement Reaction
Two elements combine to make a new compound
Formation Reaction
A formation reaction
Synthesis Reaction
Chemical reaction in which a compound breaks apart into its elements
Decomposition Reaction
Compound that contains hydrogen and carbon: many gasolines and plastics
Hydrocarbon
A reactive element reacts with an ionic compound
Single Replacement Reaction
Commonly occur between two ionic compounds
Double Replacement Reaction
The quantity that chemists use to measure elements and compounds
Mole (symbol-mol)
The number of particles in 1 Mole
Avagrado’s Number
Mass of one of a substance called the atomic molar mass on periodic table
Molar Mass
