Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards
Headright system
Originally created in 1618 in Jamestown, VA. It was used to attract new settlers to the area and address the labor shortage. They were given 50 acres of land and they were known as indentured servants.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
Mercantilism
Economic theory and practice that was dominant in Europe from the 16th to 18th century. States that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances
Salutary neglect
Britain’s an official policy, initiated by the minister Robert Walpole. Relaxes the enforcement of strict regulations such as trade laws.
Puritans
Group of English reformed Protestants who wanted to purify the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices.
Half-way covenant
Form of partial church membership created by New England. It was promoted by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard who thought that the people of English colonies were drifting from their religious purposes.
Mayflower Compact
Signed by 41 colonists on the Mayflower ship. The first written framework of government established in what is now the US.
1st Great Awakening
Movement that swept Protestant Europe and British colonies and left an impact on Protestantism. Resulted from a preaching and made Christianity personal.
Colombian Exchange
Period of exchanges between the New and Old World. Included plants, animals, diseases, technology that transformed the life for Europeans and Native Americans
Anne Hutchinson
Helped with the development of religious freedoms and was a huge impact on the Antinomian controversy.
Enlightenment
Dominated the world of ideas in Europe. The goal of enlightenment thinkers were liberty, progress, reason, tolerance, fraternity and ending the abuses of the church/state.
Roger Williams
Early advocate of religious freedom and separation of church and state. Expelled by puritan leaders because they thought he was spreading dangerous ideas.
Navigation Acts
Series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for every country except Britain.
John Winthrop
Lead the first large wave of immigrants from England.
Peter Zenger Trials
Zenger voiced his opinions on William Cosby while writing for the “NY Weekly Journal”. He was charged with libel but lawyers successfully argued that truth is a defense against libel.
John Smith
Admiral of New England and was en explorer, soldier and author. Important in the establishment of Jamestown
Quakers
Members of a group of religious Christian movements. Mainly Christianity.
Freedom of conscience
Right to follow one’s own beliefs in the matters of religious and morality.
Toleration Act
Act passed that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, regardless of sect but not to those who didn’t believe in Jesus. Led to first amendment which granted religious freedom to all.
Starving time
One winter when three quarters of the English colonists in VA died of starvation or starvation related diseases
Triangular Trade
Trade among three parts or regions.
Virginia Company
Joint stock company chartered by James I with the purpose of establishing settlements
Proprietary colony
Type of British colony mostly in NA and the Carribean. In Britain, all land belonged to the king and he was able to divide it
Great Migration
Movement of 6M blacks out of the rural southern US to the urban Northwest, Midwest and West.
The New England Way
Refers to the policy, relation to civil powers and general practices of the MBC churches
Restoration colonies
One of the number of land grants in NA given by King Charles II of England
Pequot War
Armed conflict between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Mass. bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their Native American alliances
Fundamental Orders
Adopted by the Connecticut colony council. Describe the gov set up by the Conn. Rivers towns, setting its structure and powers
Joint stock company
Business entity where diff. stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders.
King Philip’s War
Armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England, English colonists and their Native American alliances.
