Unit 1 Hearing and Balance Flashcards
What is Postural (자세의 흔들림) sway?
Normal shifting of the body’s Central of gravity over Balance of Support
What is another word for Balance?
Postural Stability
What is balance/postural stability?
Dynamic process by which the body’s position is maintained in equilibrium
Ability to keep sway within limits of stability
What is Proprioception?
sense of joint position and joint movement (kinesthesia -운동감각)
What are the two types of balance?
Static and Dynamic
What is Static balance?
“holding” position; stable position at rest
What is an example of Static balance?
Cone of stability
More definition of Static balance
Static balance refers to the ability to maintain a stable, stationary posture, keeping your body in a fixed position without movement, essentially meaning the ability to stand still and balanced without shifting your weight or changing your base of support; like standing on one leg without swaying.
In the cone of balance, is there more balance at the top of the cone or bottom of the cone?
More balance at the top
Less balance at the bottom
What is dynamic balance?
Stable body while in motion; transition between positions
More definition of dynamic balance
Dynamic balance refers to the ability to maintain stability and control while moving or changing positions, essentially meaning the capability to stay balanced while performing actions that involve movement, like walking, running, or quickly changing direction; it involves coordinating movements to stay upright during motion.
Example of static balance
standing with one leg trying to meditate or do yoga
Example of dynamic balance
Trying to keep balance while running or walking
At what age is balance developed by?
7-10
What does balance require?
Requires complex interaction of sensory input and neuromuscular response
Balance involves what three things?
Sensory inputs
Integration(통합) of input
Execution (실행) of neuromuscular response
What are sensory inputs of balance?
Where body is and how it is moving through space
What is the visual part of the sensory inputs?
position and movement of head relative to environment
What is the vestibular (part of hearing and balance) part of the sensory inputs?
position and movement of head relative to gravity
What is part of the vestibular sensory input?
Semicircular canals (three fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you maintain your balance)
otoliths (calcium carbonate crystals in the inner ear that help with balance and spatial orientation)
What is the somatosensory part of the sensory inputs?
position and movement of body parts relative to each other
More definition on somatosensory sensory input
the sensory information received by the body from the skin, muscles, joints, and tendons, including sensations like touch, pressure, temperature, pain, vibration, and proprioception (body position awareness), which is then transmitted to the brain for processing and perception; essentially, it’s how we “feel” our surroundings and our body’s position within them
what is part of the somatosensory sensory input?
From muscles to joint proprioceptors
What is sensorimotor integration of input? (balance)
interpret information and what to do about it
What is sensorimotor integration of input dependent on?
Environment: open or closed; support surface
Experience: as we age, we learn and get experience and eventually get a better balance. Think of the baby ex.
Level of arousal (자극)
where does sensorimotor integration of input occur?
Within CNS, cerebrum and cerebellum
What is the execution of neuromuscular response? (balance)
Body’s attempt to maintain balance or response to balance disruption
Example of Execution of neuromuscular response
Reflexive and volitional responses
Automatic, anticipatory, and volitional (의지의)
What are the 4 strategies of motor responses to maintain/recover balance?
Ankle
Hip
Steppage
Weight-shift
What are the 4 things that the 4 strategies of motor responses depend on?
Speed, magnitude of displacing force
Support system
Posture at time perturbation (outside force)
Prior experience
Which strategy is most common when perturbation is small?
Ankle strategy
How is the muscle activation of ankle strategy?
distal to proximal
When is hip strategy used?
larger/rapid displacements
unstable surface
presence of ankle impairment
How is the muscle activation of hip strategy?
proximal to distal
When is the steppage strategy used?
larger displacements beyond limits of stability
when other strategies fail
what movement does steppage strategy make or cause?
step forward or backward to increase the balance of support
When is weight shift strategy used?
For lateral displacement
What body parts are important to control during weight shift strategy?
Hip abduction/adduction are key to control
What is the ear responsible for?
for hearing and maintaining our equilibrium, or sense of balance
What do we receive by hearing?
We receive vibrations through the air and translating them into an interpretable sound via the CNVIII.
What are the three parts that the ear can be separated to?
External ear
Middle ear (tympanic cavity)
Internal ear (labyrinth)
Which part of the ear is the ossicles part of?
Middle ear
What is the order of the Ossicles?
1: Malleus
2: Incus
3: Stapes
What is the Stapes stapled to?
To the Oval window
What is the part of the external ear that we can see?
Pinna or auricle
What’s also part of the external ear?
auditory canal or external auditory meatus
What is the External Acoustic Meatus?
Ear Canal
What is the role of the tympanic Membrane?
It splits the External and Middle ear.
What is an another name for the middle ear?
tympanic cavity
What does the Tympanic Cavity contain?
Three small bones called ossicles.
Why are the ossicles joined?
So they can amplify the sound waves the tympanic membrane receives from the external ear.
