Unit 1 Geography Flashcards
sunday revision
The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human
activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations
and resources and political and economic activities
Geography
One of seven land masses (Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America,
Australasia, Antarctica). Continents can contain several countries
Continent
An internationally-recognised area of land, with its own name, flag and governance
Country
A large body/expanse of water that covers 71% of the Earth’s surface. The Earth has
one global ocean divided into several smaller oceans and containing seas.
Ocean
A book that contains different human and physical maps of different places in a variety
of scales.
Atlas
A detailed map that shows different locations and the human and physical features
found at each location.
Ordnance Survey (OS) map
A method of locating a point on a map or plan using a number that refers to the lines
on the grid and the subsections between them
Grid reference
A diagram that shows the connections between different organisms (plants and
animals) that rely upon one another as their source of food.
Food chain
A diagram that shows a complex hierarchy of organisms (plants and animals) that rely
on each other for food.
Food web
An organism or plant that is able to absorb energy from the sun through
photosynthesis.
Producer
Organism that eats other animals and/or plant matter.
Consumer
An animal that is adapted to feed on plant material, for example foliage or marine
algae, for the main component of its diet.
Herbivore
An animal that can feed on both plants and animals.
Omnivore
An animal whose food and energy requirements derived solely from animal tissue or
meat, whether through hunting or scavenging
Carnivore
Organisms such as bacteria or fungi that break down plant and animal matter.
Decomposer
Large-scale ecosystem eg. tropical rainforest.
Biome
A community of plants and animals that interact with each other and their physical
landscape.
Ecosystem
What are the locations of tropical rainforests?
These are found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Location of polar regions?
These are found around the North Pole and the South Pole.
Location of savannah regions?
These are found between 15 and 30 degrees north and south of the Equator
Location of hot deserts?
These are found 30 degrees north and south of the Equator.
A data presentation technique that shows the temperature and the rainfall of a country
over one year using lines and bars
Climate Graphs
A change in a plant or animal so it becomes better suited to survive in its environment.
Adaptation
These include small leaves or spines to reduce water loss, the storage of water to
survive during periods of drought and deep or wide root systems to find water.
Cactus adaptations
These include long eyelashes to prevent sand blowing in their eyes, being able to store
fat in their hump to convert to energy so they can travel long distances and wide feet to
stop them sinking in the sand.
Camel adaptations
The commercial organisation and operation of holidays and visits to places of interest.
Tourism
The removal of solid mineral resources from the earth.
Mineral extraction
Exploring and improving and using energy resources (non-renewable and renewable)
to create an advantage
Energy development
A type of agriculture producing only enough food and materials for the benefit of a
farmer and their family
Subsistence farming
Growing crops or raising livestock for profit, often involving vast areas of land.
Commercial farming
The process by which land becomes drier and degraded as a result of climate change,
human activities or both
Desertification
Artificial application of water to the land or soil
Irrigation
Machinery and equipment suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of local
people and their environment.
Appropriate
technology
The number of live births a year per 1000 of the total population.
Birth rate
The number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population
Death rate
The average number of years a person is expected to live.
Life expectancy
What does HIC stand for?
a country with GNI (Gross National Income) per capita greater than $12746
High Income Country: a country with GNI (Gross National Income) per capita greater
than $12746
What does LIC stand for?
a country with GNI (Gross National Income) per capita lower than $1045.
Low Income Country: a country with GNI (Gross National Income) per capita lower
than $1045.
What does NEE stand for?
countries that have begun to experience high rates of
economic development, usually along with rapid industrialisation.
Newly Emerging Economy: countries that have begun to experience high rates of
economic development, usually along with rapid industrialisation.
The way in which something is spread out.
Distribution
The section of Geography that is linked to money and jobs.
Economic
The section of Geography that is linked to people.
Social
The section of Geography that is linked to nature and the natural world around us.
Environmental
Countryside area
Rural
Built up area
Urban
When people move from one area to another
Migration
Reasons people want to leave a place eg.; lack of jobs or housing.
Push factor
Reasons people want to move to a place eg. job opportunities or more services.
Pull factor
Birth rate minus the death rate of a population.
Natural increase
A graph that shows changes over time in the population of a country.
Demographic
transition model
(DTM)
