history unit 3 Flashcards
sunday revision
Autocracy
This is a system of government where complete control is in the hands of one
person.
Monarch
This is another word for King or Queen, they believed that they had been appointed
by God.
Charles I
He was the King of England from 1625 until his death on January 30th 1649.
Civil War
This is a war between two sides within the same nation or group.
Catholic
This is the main religion in Europe during the 17th Century, the head of which is the
Pope in Rome.
Protestant
This is the official religion of England in the 17th Century, the head of which is the
King or Queen
Archbishop Laud
This man was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by King Charles I.
Henrietta Maria
She was the 15 year old French Catholic wife of King Charles I.
Royalists
This is a group of people who support the King over the growing power of
Parliament.
Cavalier
This is the common name for Royalist soldiers because they often fought on
horseback (cavalry).
This is the common name for Parliament soldiers because of the shape of their
helmets
Roundhead
This is the name of someone who supported parliament over the power of the King
Parliamentarian
This was the Commander in Chief of the Parliamentary army during the English
Civil War.
Oliver Cromwell
This meant to cut off the head of a person as punishment for a crime.
Beheaded
These are Protestants who follow strict moral rules and believe pleasure is wrong.
Puritans
This is a country where power is held by elected representatives, not a hereditary
monarch.
Republic
A period of British history from 1649 to 1660 in which Oliver Cromwell ruled the
country as Lord Protector.
Interregnum
This is the name of the 140 MPs that formed Oliver Cromwell’s parliament.
The Barebones
Parliament
This is the name given to the men who governed military districts and prevented
opposition to Cromwell.
Major-Generals
This is the title given to Oliver Cromwell to suggest that he was not a king but ruled
as such.
Lord Protector
Restoration
This is the action of restoring something to its former owner or condition
Charles II
This is the son of Charles I and was invited to be the new King of England in 1660
House of Lords
This is part of the government of England, it is tasked with shaping and making
laws
Tyburn
This is a place in London associated with executions that took place on public
display
Merry Monarch
A nickname given to King Charles II because of his love of parties, wine and horse
Glorious Revolution
This took place in 1688 when parliament replaced the last Catholic monarch of
England with a Protestant, William III
James II
He became king in 1685 after the death of his brother Charles II. He was the last
Catholic monarch of England.
William III
Also known as William of Orange he successfully invaded England and became
king.
Conversion
This means changing one’s religion or beliefs or the action of persuading someone
else to change theirs.
Declaration of
Indulgence
This gave people in England freedom to be either Catholic of Protestant without
fear of being punished.
This is a highly contagious disease that would kill around 60% of the people
that caught it.
Smallpox
This is an infection that spreads easily from one person to another, typically by
direct contact.
Contagious
This is the introduction of a small or weakened amount of a disease to help
the body develop immunity.
Vaccination
This was the doctor from Gloucestershire that created the vaccine for
Smallpox by experimenting with Cowpox.
Edward Jenner
This was commonly caught by milkmaids and was used in the smallpox
vaccination.
Cowpox
This is a highly contagious disease that is spread by the consumption of
infected food or water.
Cholera
This is the discovery that microbes in the air caused disease.
Germ Theory
This was the scientist that discovered the existence of microbes and
developed Germ Theory.
Louis Pasteur
This is a way to limit or remove the pain felt by a patient during a surgical
operation, developed by James Simpson.
Anaesthetics
This is when the government takes responsibility for the health of the public
rather than leaving it to the people.
Public Health
Tolpuddle Martyrs
This was a group of 6 men transported to Australia for the crime of setting up
a trade union.
Bow Street Runners
This group was established in 1749 by the Chief Magistrate at a Bow Street
Court to deal with the increase in crime in London.
Transportation
This is the punishment where criminals were sent to British colonies like
Australia to take part in forced labour.
Capital Punishment
This is when a criminal is punished for their crime with the death penalty. E.g.
hanging.
Corporal Punishment
This is the physical punishment of criminals by means such as flogging
(whipping).
Pentonville Prison
This was a new prison built in 1842. It was a model for new ideas on how
prisons should be built and run.
Elizabeth Fry
This person was a prison reformer who worked to help women’s rights in
prisons after visiting Newgate Prison.
Robert Peel
This person wanted criminals to be reformed not punished.
Metropolitan Police Act,
1829
This was the act of parliament that created one centralised police force in
London
The Bloody Code
This is the increase in the number of crimes considered to be a capital crime
from 1688-1825.
