history unit 3

Question 1

Autocracy

Answer 1

This is a system of government where complete control is in the hands of one
person.

Question 2

Monarch

Answer 2

This is another word for King or Queen, they believed that they had been appointed
by God.

Question 3

Charles I

Answer 3

He was the King of England from 1625 until his death on January 30th 1649.

Question 4

Civil War

Answer 4

This is a war between two sides within the same nation or group.

Question 5

Catholic

Answer 5

This is the main religion in Europe during the 17th Century, the head of which is the
Pope in Rome.

Question 6

Protestant

Answer 6

This is the official religion of England in the 17th Century, the head of which is the
King or Queen

Question 7

Archbishop Laud

Answer 7

This man was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by King Charles I.

Question 8

Henrietta Maria

Answer 8

She was the 15 year old French Catholic wife of King Charles I.

Question 9

Royalists

Answer 9

This is a group of people who support the King over the growing power of
Parliament.

Question 10

Cavalier

Answer 10

This is the common name for Royalist soldiers because they often fought on
horseback (cavalry).

Question 11

This is the common name for Parliament soldiers because of the shape of their
helmets

Answer 11

Roundhead

Question 12

This is the name of someone who supported parliament over the power of the King

Answer 12

Parliamentarian

Question 13

This was the Commander in Chief of the Parliamentary army during the English
Civil War.

Answer 13

Oliver Cromwell

Question 14

This meant to cut off the head of a person as punishment for a crime.

Answer 14

Beheaded

Question 15

These are Protestants who follow strict moral rules and believe pleasure is wrong.

Answer 15

Puritans

Question 16

This is a country where power is held by elected representatives, not a hereditary
monarch.

Answer 16

Republic

Question 17

A period of British history from 1649 to 1660 in which Oliver Cromwell ruled the
country as Lord Protector.

Answer 17

Interregnum

Question 18

This is the name of the 140 MPs that formed Oliver Cromwell’s parliament.

Answer 18

The Barebones

Parliament

Question 19

This is the name given to the men who governed military districts and prevented
opposition to Cromwell.

Answer 19

Major-Generals

Question 20

This is the title given to Oliver Cromwell to suggest that he was not a king but ruled
as such.

Answer 20

Lord Protector

Question 21

Restoration

Answer 21

This is the action of restoring something to its former owner or condition

Question 22

Charles II

Answer 22

This is the son of Charles I and was invited to be the new King of England in 1660

Question 23

House of Lords

Answer 23

This is part of the government of England, it is tasked with shaping and making
laws

Question 24

Tyburn

Answer 24

This is a place in London associated with executions that took place on public
display

Question 25

Merry Monarch

Answer 25

A nickname given to King Charles II because of his love of parties, wine and horse

Question 26

Glorious Revolution

Answer 26

This took place in 1688 when parliament replaced the last Catholic monarch of
England with a Protestant, William III

Question 27

James II

Answer 27

He became king in 1685 after the death of his brother Charles II. He was the last
Catholic monarch of England.

Question 28

William III

Answer 28

Also known as William of Orange he successfully invaded England and became
king.

Question 29

Conversion

Answer 29

This means changing one’s religion or beliefs or the action of persuading someone
else to change theirs.

Question 30

Declaration of

Indulgence

Answer 30

This gave people in England freedom to be either Catholic of Protestant without
fear of being punished.

Question 31

This is a highly contagious disease that would kill around 60% of the people
that caught it.

Answer 31

Smallpox

Question 32

This is an infection that spreads easily from one person to another, typically by
direct contact.

Answer 32

Contagious

Question 33

This is the introduction of a small or weakened amount of a disease to help
the body develop immunity.

Answer 33

Vaccination

Question 34

This was the doctor from Gloucestershire that created the vaccine for
Smallpox by experimenting with Cowpox.

Answer 34

Edward Jenner

Question 35

This was commonly caught by milkmaids and was used in the smallpox
vaccination.

Answer 35

Cowpox

Question 36

This is a highly contagious disease that is spread by the consumption of
infected food or water.

Answer 36

Cholera

Question 37

This is the discovery that microbes in the air caused disease.

Answer 37

Germ Theory

Question 38

This was the scientist that discovered the existence of microbes and
developed Germ Theory.

Answer 38

Louis Pasteur

Question 39

This is a way to limit or remove the pain felt by a patient during a surgical
operation, developed by James Simpson.

Answer 39

Anaesthetics

Question 40

This is when the government takes responsibility for the health of the public
rather than leaving it to the people.

Answer 40

Public Health

Question 41

Tolpuddle Martyrs

Answer 41

This was a group of 6 men transported to Australia for the crime of setting up
a trade union.

Question 42

Bow Street Runners

Answer 42

This group was established in 1749 by the Chief Magistrate at a Bow Street
Court to deal with the increase in crime in London.

Question 43

Transportation

Answer 43

This is the punishment where criminals were sent to British colonies like
Australia to take part in forced labour.

Question 44

Capital Punishment

Answer 44

This is when a criminal is punished for their crime with the death penalty. E.g.
hanging.

Question 45

Corporal Punishment

Answer 45

This is the physical punishment of criminals by means such as flogging
(whipping).

Question 46

Pentonville Prison

Answer 46

This was a new prison built in 1842. It was a model for new ideas on how
prisons should be built and run.

Question 47

Elizabeth Fry

Answer 47

This person was a prison reformer who worked to help women’s rights in
prisons after visiting Newgate Prison.

Question 48

Robert Peel

Answer 48

This person wanted criminals to be reformed not punished.

Question 49

Metropolitan Police Act,

1829

Answer 49

This was the act of parliament that created one centralised police force in
London

Question 50

The Bloody Code

Answer 50

This is the increase in the number of crimes considered to be a capital crime
from 1688-1825.