Unit 0.5: Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony Flashcards
King James l
King of England during colonial times. Jamestown and James River were named after him. He issued the First Virginia Charter to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to the colonists to settle in Jamestown for the stated purpose of spreading Christianity.
John Smith
Because many settlers refused to work, John Smith came and became the leader to motivate them to work. He also coined the phrase, “He who works not, eats not.” Raided local native tribes. Angered Powhatan, who is the local chief. So much of our knowledge of Jamestown comes from his books.
Pocahontas
Daughter of Powhatan who allied with John Smith to promote peace between the Powhatan Tribe and the English. Later married John Rolfe.
John Rolfe
He came in the spring after the Starving Time and introduced tobacco which began to make the colony money. Later married Pocahontas.
Pilgrims (Separatists)
Around when Jamestown was founded, a group of people wanted to separate from the Church of England. They were known as the Pilgrims (separatists). They signed the Mayflower Compact and rode the Mayflower to the New World. Settled in Plymouth.
William Bradford
First governor of Plymouth Colony.
Squanto
He was captured by William Hunt and taken to England. He came back to his homeland and taught the Pilgrims how to fish and farm.
Puritans (Non-separatists)
Puritans began to have disagreements with the Church of England. 900 Puritans left for the New World to freely worship, however, they didn’t tolerate other religions. They were led by John Winthrop and founded Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Puritans remained in the Church of England but sought to “Purify” the church.
John Winthrop
Leader of Puritans. He envisioned his colony as a city upon a hill. He wanted his colony to be the role model for everyone.
Roger Williams
Disagreed with the treatment of Native Americans, so he founded his own colony in Providence, RI.
Anne Hutchinson
Held secret town meetings and was against predestination. Women at the time weren’t allowed to hold town meetings and anyone against Puritan teachings was punished. She was expelled from the colony and formed a new one in Rhode Island.
Thomas Hooker
Disagreed with Puritan teachings. Believed in the separation of church and government. (Against Theocracy) Formed the colony of Conneticut.
Colony
Group of people going to a place or an extension of a country in another part of the world.
Joint-Stock Company
A group of investors who pool in their money as group in hopes to make more money.
Charter
A document issued by the government or monarch grants specific rights to a person or company.
Indentured Servants
Form of labor where a peasant from Europe gets a choice to work for 5-7 years in the New World for no wage, but someone else pays for their transport here.
Headright System
A system where you pay a person’s travel expenses will be rewarded with 50 acres each.
House of Burgesses
1st representative government in the New World
Legislature
Group of people who make laws
Self-Government
A government that is governed by the people who live there.
Theocracy
A form of government based on religious laws.
Town Meeting
Townspeople who would discuss local issues.
Refresher: The 3G’s are…
God, Glory and Gold
Describe the Founding of Jamestown
King James signed the First Virginia Charter for Jamestown to begin but gave a condition to spread Christianity.
Describe the period of “Starving Time”
In Jamestown when John Smith was leader, he led raidings of food from the Native Americans and when Smith returned to England, it was winter and all the food ran out as well as money. As a result, many people died. At the end of Starving Time in 1610 after winter, only 60 colonists were alive. In the spring, Rolfe introduced Tobacco to gain money.
Describe The Founding of Plymouth Colony
Pilgrims came here to escape from the Church of England.
Describe the event of Signing the Mayflower Compact.
Coming ashore, 41 males signed this document which was the 1st form of government on paper that promised “Just and Equal” laws.
Describe the event, “Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony”.
Puritans began to have disagreements when they left for the New World led by John Winthrop. Their main goal was to freely practice their religion.
Describe the Salem Witch Trials.
In Salem, 8 girls were perfectly healthy until they started having severe conditions such as seizures. They had no idea what caused it but the Puritans were convinced it was Witchs/Devils. The girls were asked who they had gotten in contact with and they accused their neighbors. As a result, many got accused of being a witch, and trials were held. 19 people were killed. Started in 1992 and ended in 1993. As a result of these trials, many people fled including Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, and Thomas Hooker.
What was the Primary Motivation for the British Colonization?
God, Glory and Gold (3 G’s)
Jamestown: MONEY!!!!!
Pilgrims: God; Escaped persecution in England
Puritans: God: Wanted to freely worship
How was Jamestown organized economically and politically?
Jamestown was funded by the Virginia Stock Company. John Rolfe introduced Tobacco to gain money and the Indentured Servents grew the tobacco. King James l signed the First Virginia Charter for Jamestown to begin. They also established the House of Burgesses.
Why did the Pilgrims founded the Plymouth Colony and what was their lasting legacy?
Pilgrims founded the colony to create a safeplace. After all, they were trying to escape The Church of England. The Pilgrims lasting legacy was that they held an alliance with the Native Americans.
Why did the Puritans found the Massachusetts Bay Colony and how did their views on religious toleration impact the development of New England as a whole?
They founded the colony so they can freely practice their religion and they wanted to “purify” the church. They didn’t tolerate other religions and the witch trials began which caused people to flee, losing followers.
How did the relationship between the Jamestown settlers and the Native Americans differ from the Pilgrims’ relationship with the Native Americans?
Jamestown settlers led by Smith raided food from the Native Americans which made Pawhatan angry. As a result, they didn’t have a good relationship. While the Pilgrims and Native Americans had a good relationship when the Pilgrims first arrived. Squanto also formed an alliance, as the first winter when the Pilgrims arrived was challenging, Squanto guided the Pilgrims, helping the Pilgrims survive.
The closest modern-day equivalent of a Joint Stock Company is….
A corporation, with shares spread among many investors
In 1607, the Virginia Company founded Jamestown on the east coast of what is today the United States, with the intention…
To make its investors wealthy
What is one main point that contrasted the Pilgrims from early English settlers?
They had a peaceful relationship with the Native Americans.
What is the greatest significance of John Smith and Pocahontas’ alliance?
Brought relative peace to Jamestown
A Challenge the Virginia Company faced is…
Persuade men and women to migrate to the Americas or invest in colonies
What was John Smith most famous for?
Being the leader of Jamestown who enacted strict discipline for the colony survival
Who was an early governor of the Plymouth Colony and author of Plymouth Plantation?
William Bradford
The House of Burgesses was significant because it was the…
First example of Representative government in the English Colonies
