157-205 End of the Year Review Terms

Question 1

The South was this type of society whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.

Answer 1

Agrarian

Question 2

Made the processing of cotton fiber faster and led to the expansion of plantations of slavery to grow more cotton. The South transitioned from tobacco to cotton as the main cash crop and shifted the productivity and population from Virginia and the Carolinas down to Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Invented by Eli Whitney.

Answer 2

Cotton Gin

Question 3

The Cotton Capital of the South

Answer 3

Memphis, TN

Question 4

People who invented useful devices in the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 4

Industrialists

Question 5

Invented the telegraph.

Answer 5

Samuel Morse

Question 6

Invented the mechanical reaper.

Answer 6

Cyrus McCormick

Question 7

Invented the sewing machine.

Answer 7

Issac Singer

Question 8

Created the first steamboat.

Answer 8

Robert Fulton

Question 9

Created the first steam powered locomotive.

Answer 9

Peter Cooper

Question 10

A time where machines took the place of many hand tools. Much of the power once provided by people and horses began to be replaced, first by flowing water and then by steam engines.

Answer 10

Industrial Revolution

Question 11

Labor production model invented in Massachusetts in the 19th century. The system was designed so that every step of the manufacturing process was done under one roof and then work was performed by young adult women instead of children or young men

Answer 11

Lowell System

Question 12

The Industrial Revolution began in Europe and was brought to the United States by this man. He was an apprentice of Richard Arkwright, memorizing Arkwright’s designs of machines which he brought to the U.S.

Answer 12

Samuel Slater

Question 13

Significant transportation improvements during the industrial age. This was encouraged further with the infection of steamboats and locomotives.

Answer 13

National Road and Erie Canal

Question 14

Their reason to migrate to the United States was because of a potato famine. They were discriminated against for taking American jobs and protecting Caatholicism.

Answer 14

Irish immigration

Question 15

Their reasons to migrate to the United States was because of a failed revolution in their country. These people had some wealth and could join the movement west into the Ohio Valley.

Answer 15

German Immigration

Question 16

The centerpiece of Henry Clay’s statecraft was an integrated economic program. This envisioned a protective tariff, a national bank jointly owned by private stockholders and the federal government, and federal subsidies for transportation projects. The program was intended to promote economic development and diversification, reduce dependence on imports, and tie together the different sections of the country.

Answer 16

American System

Question 17

Motivations for people to emigrate out of a nation.

Answer 17

Push factors

Question 18

Reasons for people to immigrate to a specific nation.

Answer 18

Pull Factors

Question 19

This case established that the federal government controlled interstate commerce.

Answer 19

Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 20

This case said that states could not tax the National Bank. States cannot pass a law that violates a federal law.

Answer 20

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 21

In the Election of 1824, Andrew Jackson received the most votes, but not the electoral college. The House of Representatives would have to decide the election winner. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House. John Quincy Adams won the election and appointed Henry Clay Secretary of State, because he helped him win the election. Jackson reacted with fury.

Answer 21

Corrupt Bargain

Question 22

The 7th president of the United States. He changed the way people saw the presidency. Known as the people’s president or the common man president, he appealed to the common American and expanded the right to vote to most white men.

Answer 22

Andrew Jackson

Question 23

The spread of voting rights and democratic ideas. Before Jackson became president, only white males who owned land could vote, but he made it where all white males could vote.

Answer 23

Jacksonian Democracy

Question 24

The practice of rewarding government jobs to loyal supporters of the party that wins the election. Andrew Jackson started this.

Answer 24

Spoils System

Question 25

Expanded voting rights to white, male non-property owners, created a Supreme Court, disenfranchised African Americans.

Answer 25

Tennessee Constitution of 1834

Question 26

In the year, 1831, a slave led a large revolt against white southern slaveholders. he and several other enslaved people went throughout the south and killed over sixty white people associated with the institution of slavery. After a time, he was eventually captured and executed, but not before claiming that it was God had sent him to slay the slaveholders in order to end the horrible institution of slavery.

Answer 26

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Question 27

Laws that further enslaved African Americans and denied them the most basic of rights were strengthened, and slaves became afraid to revolt again for a long time in fear of their lives.

Answer 27

Slave Codes

Question 28

Hatred of Second Bank of the US became an issue in Jackson’s second term. Henry Clay, supporter of the bank, brought the charter up for renewal early- in an attempt to alienate voters from Jackson. Plan backfired because Jackson made the bank seem like an evil institution, a threat to liberty/democracy.

Answer 28

Bank Crisis

Question 29

Our government was formed on a system known as federalism. In 1828, a crisis occured over the balancing of power between the state and government. The crisis began when the government issued a tariff on iron, textiles, and other manufactured goods. Vice President Calhoun argued that the states had the right of nullification, an action by a state that cancels a federal law to which the state objects.

Answer 29

Nullification Crisis

Question 30

1798-99 to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Answer 30

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Question 31

Gave Andrew Jackson the authority to offer Native American nations land west of the Mississippi in exchange for lands in the east. It also provided Jackson money for these laws to be carried out. This legislation led to the Trail of Tears.

Answer 31

Indian Removal Act

Question 32

Believing they had no choice, many Native Americans signed treaties and began the difficult journey west. This started the forced march of the Cherokee Nation into an Indian reservation. Of the 15,000 that started the journey, 4,000 died.

Answer 32

Trail of Tears

Question 33

A Cherokee man, who created the first Native American written language.

Answer 33

Sequoyah

Question 34

Declared that Georgia laws “can have no force” within Cherokee territory

Answer 34

Worcester v. Georgia

Question 35

A religious revival that grew out of the expansion of democratic participation during the Age of Jackson. Preachers like Charles Finney led large tent rivals that inspired great emotional outpouring. Believers rejected older ideals of predestination and embraced the idea that sinners could be saved through good works.

Answer 35

Second Great Awakening

Question 36

Worked hard to create cleaner, more sanitary prisons. She was outraged to find that prisons were also used to house the mentally ill and fought for new separate facilities for the mentally ill.

Answer 36

Dorothea Dix

Question 37

Led a movement to improve public education. Soon, most northeastern states had implemented some form of public education, funded by public taxpayer money. In 1855, Massachusetts became the first state to admit African Americans into public schools. The south and the west did not implement public education on a large scale for several decades.

Answer 37

Horace Mann

Question 38

Life for women in the 1800s was not pleasant. This was a reform movement that advocate for more rights for women in the US.

Answer 38

Women’s Suffrage

Question 39

Worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as leafers of the women’s rights movement by helping create the Seneca Falls Convention.

Answer 39

Lucretia Mott

Question 40

A meeting held and created by women as an attempt to convince men to support the women’s rights movement.

Answer 40

Seneca Falls Convention

Question 41

Created the Seneca Falls Convention in New York the following year. This Convention also saw the writing of her Declaration of Sentiments, as previously stated, and hosted about 300 women and men

Answer 41

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 42

It was after she attended the Seneca Falls Convention that this major women’s suffragette became famous. A very close ally of Stanton, she was unmarried, and therefore could easily travel and devote herself to the cause. She helped to launch the National Woman Suffragette Association in the year 1869.

Answer 42

Susan B. Anthony

Question 43

Spoke out against discrimination. Born in New York as a slave, she escaped into freedom with her infant daughter. She could not read or write, for being both African American and woman she was not allowed to obtain a real education. She spoke for African Americans and for women and her most famous speech is “Ain’t I A Woman?” given unplanned after hearing what some men, that did not believe in equality, had to say.

Answer 43

Sojourner Truth

Question 44

One of the most famous leaders of the northern abolitionist movement. She herself had escaped being enslaved in the south, but had returned and helped more than 3,000 other slaves escape to freedom. people gave her the nickname “Black Moses”, for helping so many people as he had helped the last of the Israelites flee Egypt.

Answer 44

Harriet Tubman

Question 45

This was a large, complex network of undisclosed locations managed by black and white people that helped slaves escape to freedom. There were no trains involved in the morning of these slaves. Working for it was illegal and highly dangerous, but “conductors” did it anyway. It is believed that there were upwards of fifty thousand slaves that escaped into free territory this way.

Answer 45

Underground Railroad

Question 46

Feelings and behavior that show a desire to help other people and a lack of selfishness. This quality inspired movement like the Underground Railroad and the conductors that worked on it had to have this attribute to do their jobs.

Answer 46

Altruism

Question 47

A key speaker for the abolitionist movement that personally survived and escaped slavery. He spoke often at antislavery rallies, a risk that he could have been sent back into slavery for but continued on anyway. He began to publish an antislavery newspaper known as the North Star. He also published multiple books that chronicled his horrible experiences in slavery.

Answer 47

Fredrick Douglass

Question 48

A Quaker and another influential man of the abolitionist movement. His religion strongly opposed slavery but he was even more so than most. He published an abolitionist newspaper as well called the Liberator in 1831. The paper did not end until the practice of slavery itself did.

Answer 48

William Lloyd Garrison

Question 49

This Tennessee Man participated and owned slaves during his early life, however, he eventually freed all of the and denounced the institution of slavery. He began to publish the first newspaper entirely dedicated on the abolishment of slavery from Johannesburg, Tennessee. It was called the Manumission Intelligencer. Only a dozen of these papers made it to the twentieth century. Later renamed the Emancipator, it was actually very popular in several pockets of Tennessee and nationally.

Answer 49

Elihu Embree