98-156 End of the Year Review Terms

Question 1

The Continental Congress created this plan for the whole nation. Congress could make laws, declare war, coin or borrow money, and run a postal service. However, Congress could NOT regulate trade, collect taxes, or enforce a common currency. In addition, there was NO executive branch and no system of national courts under this.

Answer 1

Articles of Confederation

Question 2

Congress had to devise a system for land sales and settlement. Surveyors divided public lands into townships, 6 miles on each side. This would result in a grid of squares. Within each township there would be a grid, 1 mile on each side. These 36 sections would be for no less than one dollar an acre.

Answer 2

Land Ordinance of 1785

Question 3

Congress passed this to establish rules for how new territory would be governed. It guaranteed basic rights for settlers and banned slavery there. It set a three-step process for admitting new states. When a territory was just starting to be settled, Congress would appoint a governor, a secretary, and three judges. Once a territory had 5,000 free adult male settlers, it could elect a legislature. When a free population reached 60,000, the territory could ask to become a state. In time, 5 states- Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin - were carved out of the new land.

Answer 3

Northwest Ordinance of 1785

Question 4

An attempt by Tennessee settlers to create a new state out of the Watauga and surrounding settlements. Due to North Carolina’s opposition over losing territory, they were not able to garner enough votes in Congress to be admitted. It is an example of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation requirements for statehood.

Answer 4

Lost State of Franklin

Question 5

The economic depression hit farmers in Massachusetts especially hard. As the crop prices declined, many farmers were unable to pay their taxes. The state government began to seize farms in order to compensate for the tax money owed. This was an uprising in which a group of farmers tried to seize guns from a state warehouse. The rebellion was eventually stopped by the state militia. As a result of this event, our country’s leaders decided it was time to write a new constitution because the Articles of Confederation provided no national army or law enforcement power.

Answer 5

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 6

A meeting of delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation. By the end of this event, our country had a new Constitution. George Washington was quickly voted the leader and James Madison wrote everything down.

Answer 6

Constitutional Convention

Question 7

Considered the father of the Constitution. He wrote down everything that was said during the constitutional convention and negotiated compromises.

Answer 7

James Madison

Question 8

A combination of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan. THe compromise called for a 2 house legislature. One house would be based on a state’s population, (VA), the other house every state would get an equal amount of representatives. (NJ)

Answer 8

Great Compromise

Question 9

Stated that a state can count 3/5 of their slave population towards the number of delegates they receive in Congress.

Answer 9

3/5th Compromise

Question 10

Outlines the purpose of the government (1) to form a more perfect Union, (2) establish Justice, (3) insure domestic Tranquility, (4) provide for the common defense, (5) promote the general warfare, and (6) secure the Blessings of Liberty.

Answer 10

Preamble of the Constitution

Question 11

Believed in a strong central government. They also believed that the wealthy are most fit to govern the people.

Answer 11

Federalists

Question 12

Were a series of essays written by the leaders of the Federalists (Madison, Hamilton, Jay) arguing for their point of view.

Answer 12

Federalist Papers

Question 13

Advocated for a stronger state government. They also believed everyone had the right to hold office, regardless of how much money they had.

Answer 13

Anti-Federalists

Question 14

Congress must approve the proposed amendment by a 2/3 majority in both houses. Then ¾ of the states must ratify or approve the amendment for it to go into effect.

Answer 14

Amend the Constitution

Question 15

The balancing of power between the states and the central government. Congress and the Constitution typically try to manage this by implementing various laws and amendments.

Answer 15

Federalism

Question 16

Began when the anti-federalists agreed to approve the Constitution if the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights. 9 out of the 13 states also had to vote to change the Constitution.

Answer 16

Ratification of the Constitution

Question 17

A system created and used by the United States government in order to ensure one branch of government did not have more power than another branch of government.

Answer 17

Checks and Balances

Question 18

Ensures that the three branches of government have distinct authority over various government functions. The Legislative branch creates the laws, the Executive branch enforces the laws, the Judicial branch interprets the laws.

Answer 18

Separation of Powers

Question 19

Set many precedents as the first president. He voluntarily served only two terms as president, appointed a cabinet of advisors that included Secretary of State, Treasury, and War, and gave an inaugural and farewell address.

Answer 19

George Washington

Question 20

As part of Hamilton’s plan to pay back the national debt, the government imposed a tax on all whiskey. Many backcountry farmers made money by turning the corn they grew into whiskey. This severely hurt their income. In 1794 farmers in Pennsylvania revolted. Washington quickly dispersed the rebellion showing the power of the central government.

Answer 20

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 21

In 1796, George Washington voluntarily left the office of President of the United States. He gives the United States two pieces of advice in this speech. He warned against political parties and advised the United States to stay away from permanent alliance with European countries.

Answer 21

George Washington’s Farewell Address

Question 22

The first 10 amendments in the Constitution.

Answer 22

Bill of Rights

Question 23

Which amendment says you have the right to bear arms.

Answer 23

The Second Amendment

Question 24

Which amendment says that U.S. citizens are protected from unreasonable
searches of a person’s property.

Answer 24

The Fourth Amendment

Question 25

Which amendment says you have the right to due process or double jeopardy.

Answer 25

The Fifth Amendment

Question 26

Which amendment says you have the right to a fair trial.

Answer 26

The Sixth Amendment

Question 27

Which amendment says the government cannot force you to quarter troops.

Answer 27

The Third Amendment

Question 28

Which amendment says you have the right to a trial by jury.

Answer 28

The Seventh Amendment

Question 29

Which amendment says freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly

Answer 29

The First Amendment

Question 29

Which amendment says no cruel or unusual punishment

Answer 29

The Eighth Amendment

Question 30

Which amendment gives power to the states.

Answer 30

The Tenth Amendment

Question 31

Which amendment says power to the people

Answer 31

The Ninth Amendment

Question 32

The secretary of the Treasury and he created a three part plan to bring the nation out of debt. Hamilton was also a federalist and supported a loose interpretation of the Constitution to provide for a National Bank. (FEDERALIST)

Answer 32

Alexander Hamilton

Question 33

The belief that the government could do some things that were not directly permitted by the Constitution through the elastic. (FEDERALIST)

Answer 33

Loose Construction

Question 34

A draftsman of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president. He was also responsible for the Louisiana Purchase and he argued the National Bank was unconstitutional. (REPUBLICAN)

Answer 34

Thomas Jefferson

Question 35

The belief that the government can only do things that the Constitution specifically says. The Republican Party favored this belief.
(REPUBLICAN)

Answer 35

Strict Construction

Question 36

A part of Hamilton’s three part plan to bring the nation out of debt after the American Revolution.This would be the location to deposit federal funds.

Answer 36

National Bank

Question 37

All free men (white and African Americans) 21 years or older had voting rights, no supreme court, weak executive position.

Answer 37

Tennessee Constitution of 1796

Question 38

One of the founding fathers of Tennessee and helped Daniel Boone establish the Watauga settlement, which was one of Tennessee’s earliest settlements. He is sometimes referred to as “The Father of Middle Tennessee.”

Answer 38

James Robertson

Question 39

The first territorial governor of Tennessee from 1790-1796. He was also one of the first two senators elected from Tennessee in 1796. This guy served in the Revolutionary War and helped negotiate the Treaty of Holston.

Answer 39

William Blount

Question 40

A short-lived attempt by Richard Henderson and investors to purchase a large chunk of Kentucky and Tennessee (1775) (controlled by the Cherokee) in order to make a profit in the animal pelt business. This colony ceased to exist when the Virginia General Assembly invalidated the purchase. These events led to the future Watauga Settlements and their petitions to govern themselves independent of British rule.

Answer 40

Transylvania Purchase

Question 41

The first known attempt by colonists to create a government that was independent and separate from Britain. This was located in modern day east Tennessee and laid the foundation for other people moving and settling in the state.

Answer 41

Watauga Settlement

Question 42

A peace treaty signed by the United States government and the Cherokee nation (1791). The U.S. government promised to protect the Cherokee people and stay peaceful towards their nation moving forward.

Answer 42

Treaty of Holston

Question 43

Succeeded the presidency after George Washington left office. Immediately the French did not like him for remaining neutral in their conflicts. A Founding Father, the first vice president of the United States and the second president. His son was the nation’s sixth president.

Answer 43

John Adams

Question 44

John Adams sent 3 diplomats to France to work out any issues. When these American diplomats arrived in France, the French would not speak to them. Three French agents told the Americans that they would only speak to them if the Americans paid the French $250,000 and gave the government a loan of several million dollars. This outraged many Americans and had several leaders calling for war.

Answer 44

XYZ Affair

Question 45

Adams was being criticized heavily by Republicans for avoiding war with France. Congress passed 2 laws in 1798 in the wake of this outcry for war. As a result this act increased the duration from 5 to 14 years that a person had to live in the United States to become a citizen.

Answer 45

Alien Act

Question 46

Adams was being criticized heavily by Republicans for avoiding war with France. Congress passed 2 laws in 1798 in the wake of this outcry for war. This act made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or false about the President, Congress, or the government in general.

Answer 46

Sedition Act

Question 47

Also known as the election of 1800 in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party defeated President John Adams of the Federalist Party. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership.

Answer 47

Revolution of 1800

Question 48

The chief justice of the Supreme Court in the Marbury v. Madison case.

Answer 48

John Marshall

Question 49

This case established judicial review, which is the authority of the Supreme Court to write a law unconstitutional.

Answer 49

Marbury v. Madison

Question 50

Trade with Europe was critical to the United States’ success. There was a group of pirates from the North African countries of Morocco, Algiers, Tunisia, and Tripoli. These pirates began attacking American merchant ships. Thomas Jefferson sent American warships to protect our merchant ships.

Answer 50

Defeat with the Barbary Pirates

Question 51

Legislation by the U.S. Congress in December 1807 that closed U.S. ports to all exports and restricted imports from Britain. The act was President Thomas Jefferson’s response to British interference with neutral U.S. merchant ships.

Answer 51

Embargo Act

Question 52

By the 1800s, more than one million people were living between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi. Most settlers in this region were farmers. Because there were few roads in the West, they relied on the Mississippi River to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans. Spain, which controlled the Mississippi and New Orleans, often threatened to close the ports. Pinckney’s Treaty granted the American’s rights to use these ports. But then, the U.S. found out Spain secretly sold New Orleans and the rest of its Louisiana Territory to France. France tried to conquer America, but that failed, so France sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for 15 million dollars, 4 cents an acre.

Answer 52

Louisiana Purchase

Question 53

This duo set off to explore the Louisiana Territory in 1803. Their goal was to find a waterway that stretched from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Along the way, the expedition crossed the Rocky Mountains and eventually made it to the Pacific Ocean. One of these people is related to Mr. Mack.

Answer 53

Lewis and Clark

Question 54

The wife of a French fur trader, served as a guide/translator on Lewis and Clark’s expedition.

Answer 54

Sacagawea

Question 55

Trade with Europe was essential to the United States’ success. Because the British blocked US trade with Europe through impressment and seizing ships. Initially, the United States wanted to gain control of Canada, but were unsuccessful. The British attacked and burned Washington D.C. to the ground.

Answer 55

Causes of War of 1812

Question 56

Southern members of Congress who were calling for war.

Answer 56

War Hawks

Question 57

Seizing sailors and forcing them to serve in the navy.

Answer 57

Impressment

Question 58

The ninth president of the United States (1841) and the first to die in office. Harrison led an attack on Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe ended Native American resistance under Tecumseh.

Answer 58

William Henry Harrison

Question 59

Part of the Shawnee tribe and he tried to urge Native American resistance to preserve and restore Indian lands. Founded the Northwestern Confederacy.

Answer 59

Tecumseh

Question 60

Fought during the War of 1812. Andrew Jackson led the fight against the Creek Indians effectively ending Creek resistance to American advances into the southeast, opening up the Mississippi Territory for pioneer settlement.

Answer 60

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Question 61

By 1814, Britain got tired of war. Peace talks began in Ghent, Belgium. On Christmas Eve 1814, the two sides had signed the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war. But, news of the treaty took several weeks to reach the United States. In that time, the two sides fought one more battle. In January 1815, American forces under General Andrew Jackson won a stunning victory over the British here.

Answer 61

Battle of New Orleans

Question 62

During the War of 1812, the new British strategy was to attack the nation’s capital, Washington D.C. In August 1814, a British force marched to the city. The British set fire to several government buildings, including the White House.

Answer 62

Burning of Washington D.C

Question 63

After the attack on D.C., the British moved to Baltimore. They targeted a fort which defended the city’s harbor. British warships bombarded the fort throughout the night.. At dawn, the American flag still flying over the fort. The Americans had beaten off the attack.

Answer 63

Battle of Fort McHenry

Question 64

A young American that watched the attack on Fort McHenry. He wrote a poem about this attack called “The Star Spangled Banner’’, which is our national anthem today.

Answer 64

Francis Scott Key

Question 65

On December 24, 1814, this treaty was signed by British and American representatives ending the War of 1812. This treaty provided all land to be returned to the US and also made the US build the sentiment of Era of Good Feelings as a young nation.

Answer 65

Treaty of Ghent

Question 66

The idea that the US should continue to strive for a sense of unity as a nation.

Answer 66

Nationalism

Question 67

After the War of 1812, relations between the United States and Great Britain were suffering. This set the Western boundary between the United States and what would become Canada. There were some arguments over borders, but political tensions between the U.S. and Great Britain were reduced.

Answer 67

Convention of 1818

Question 68

Spain ceded, or gave up, Florida to the United States.

Answer 68

Adam-Onis Treaty

Question 69

Stated that the United States would not allow European countries to create colonies in the Americas or to interfere with newly formed Latin American colonies. The United States would consider any act to do so an act of hostility.

Answer 69

Monroe Doctrine