238-271 End of the Year Review Terms

Question 1

Republican candidates chose Abraham Lincoln as their campaigner for his popularity in the north. Democrats, however, chose two candidates, the ones of the north choosing Stephen Douglas, while in the south they chose Kentucky man John Breckenridge. Then, to try to stop the furthering of sectionalism, some chose John Bell, a Tennessean of the Constitutional Union Party. Lincoln won and South Carolina seceded from the Union shortly after, thus starting the Civil War.

Answer 1

Election of 1860

Question 2

The 16th President of the U.S. during the years our country was in Civil War. Known for famous speeches such as “A House Divided” and the “Gettysburg Address” he eventually was assassinated during his second term as president of the United States.

Answer 2

Abraham Lincoln

Question 3

The President of the Confederate States of America and former politician from Mississippi.

Answer 3

Jefferson Davis

Question 4

Self-sufficient (Could make/produce everything they needed for war)
Had a far larger population/army
Had the majority of war ships at their disposal
Had better transportation systems via railroads/canals/ships etc.

Answer 4

Union Advantages in the Civil War

Question 5

Had home field advantage. (Most battles fought in the south)
Had the majority of seasoned/trained fighting soldiers and leaders.
Had valuable cotton as a bargaining chip to trade with other counties

Answer 5

Confederate Advantages in the Civil War

Question 6

Union strategy to create a blockade of all southern ports, effectively choking out the South of their needed war supplies.

Answer 6

Anaconda Plan

Question 7

April 12-13, 1861, Charleston, SC; Confederate troops surrounded this Union fort. The fort’s commander refused to surrender even though his troops were being starved out. Lincoln tried to send food but it failed. The South wins the first “battle” of the Civil War

Answer 7

Fort Sumter

Question 8

The original General of the Union Army, General McDowell, sent his troops, who were not the most well-trained at the time, to Manassas to capture the railroad there, the Confederate bloodline. His poor training of his men, encouraged by newspapers of the north pressuring his move, cost him dearly. The Union was defeated in the first major battle of the Civil War.

Answer 8

Battle of Bull Run

Question 9

Took place in southwest TN. General Grant moved down southwest from Kentucky to gain control of the Mississippi. Albert Johnson met him before he could get to the major railroad town of Corinth. At this confrontation, the Union won and gained control of the Confederate railroads and the northern part of the Mississippi. After the victory, David Farragut led the Union navy up the Mississippi, thus enacting the Anaconda Plan.

Answer 9

Battle of Shiloh

Question 10

Lincoln replaced original Union general McDowell with McClellan after Bull Run. One of the few battles to happen on non-confederate soil. This battle was costly for both sides and ultimately Lee was forced to retreat. Union could have potentially ended war here if they had pursued.

Answer 10

Battle of Antietam

Question 11

General Lee was feeling desperate as the war drug on and sent all his men north to Pennsylvania and into the bloodiest day of the War. There were massive casualties on both sides. In Pickett’s Charge, 7,500 men were lost in two and a half hours. Ultimately Lee had to retreat, thus ending any real possibility of the Confederates winning the Civil War.

Answer 11

Battle of Gettysburg

Question 12

The last Confederate stronghold left on the banks of the Mississippi River. The Union Army laid siege to the city for several weeks, starving the inhabitants. The Confederate Army was determined not to surrender here, but ultimately had no alternative. This was a final blow for the Confederate Army.

Answer 12

Siege of Vicksburg

Question 13

Was the Union’s attempt at total war. A general and his force started at Atlanta, moving eastward, burning anything of value along the way.

Answer 13

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Question 14

The place at which General Lee surrendered in loose terms to General Grant, effectively ending the Civil War.

Answer 14

Appomattox Court House

Question 15

Last major Civil War battle was fought in TN (Nov 1864). Mostly fought in the dark, the Union stopped Confederate attempts to regain control of Middle TN.

Answer 15

Battle of Franklin

Question 16

Successful leader and general of the Union Army during the Civil War. Because of his success, he was eventually elected President of the United States.

Answer 16

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 17

A southern-born veteran of the War of 1812 and was a notorious sailor. He won the last open seaport for the Union in the Gulf of Mexico. He was promoted to Vice Admiral of the U.S. Navy for his service.

Answer 17

David Farragut

Question 18

Leader/general of the Confederate Army during the Civil War.

Answer 18

Robert E. Lee

Question 19

A Tennessean, a slave trader and officer for the Confederate Army during the Civil War. He later became the first Grand Wizard of the KKK after the war. He prevented slaves and sympathizers from gaining power.

Answer 19

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Question 20

When the Union pushed forward at the Battle of Bull Run, a southern commander made the southern lines stand firm. He gained his nickname because of this event and became a formidable foe for the Union Army during much of the Civil War.

Answer 20

Stonewall Jackson

Question 21

A Civil War battle that occurred just southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee. The battle was a victory for the Union Army which helped the Union control most of east Tennessee including the Tennessee River and much of the railroad systems in that region.

Answer 21

Battle of Lookout Mountain

Question 22

In the year of 1863, Abraham Lincoln gave one of the most famous speeches in U.S. history. The speech was for a dedication of a Union cemetery and charged Americans to come together and fight for the freedoms this country stands for.

Answer 22

Gettysburg Address

Question 23

Passed by Abraham Lincoln, signed in 1863, this document freed all slaves in Confederate States. Although the initial impact was limited, it was the first step in ending the institution of slavery in our country.

Answer 23

Emancipation Proclamation

Question 24

This was a regiment of volunteer African American soldiers in the Union Army, including two of Frederick Douglass’s sons. They are remembered for their bravery in the face of dangerous assignments, particularly, the Battle of Fort Wagner.

Answer 24

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

Question 25

Nashville was the first Confederate capital to be captured by the Union. This battle shattered Tennessee’s Confederate army.

Answer 25

Battle of Nashville

Question 26

Helped defend and secure Nashville for the remainder of the war.

Answer 26

13th U.S. Colored Troops

Question 27

Confederate soldier that wrote about life as a soldier and journaled his experiences. Mainly fought in Tennessee battles.

Answer 27

Sam Watkins

Question 28

An American soldier who served in the Union Army of the Potomac for the entire duration of the American Civil War, rising from corporal to colonel of his regiment by war’s end. Rhodes’ wrote illustrative diary of his war service.

Answer 28

Elisha Hunt Rhodes

Question 29

By John Wilkes Booth in Ford Theatre on April 14, 1865. This led to Andrew Johnson becoming president.

Answer 29

Assassination of Lincoln

Question 30

After the assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, Andrew Johnson became president of the United States. As a southerner overseeing reconstruction, he was disliked and not trusted by many northern elected officials which eventually led to his impeachment.

Answer 30

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

Question 31

barred slavery and involuntary servitude.

Answer 31

13th Amendment

Question 32

gave all ethnicities citizenship.

Answer 32

14th Amendment

Question 33

said that no one could be denied the vote, not for race, color, or past servitude.

Answer 33

15th Amendment

Question 34

The process of rebuilding the south after the Civil War. This included government as well as physical structures.

Answer 34

Reconstruction

Question 35

As made by Lincoln, essentially stated that states would be reintegrated when 10% of registered voters vowed allegiance to the Union.

Answer 35

Ten Percent Plan

Question 36

Was an adjustment to Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan and called for 50% of southern registered voters to pledge allegiance to the Union before a state would be readmitted.

Answer 36

Wade Davis Bill

Question 37

United States federal law that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate

Answer 37

Tenure of Office Act

Question 38

African American males that were previously enslaved but were now free.

Answer 38

Freedmen

Question 39

an agency established by the federal government in 1865 to provide emergency relief to former slaves. Established education systems, provided food, medical, helped find jobs, distributed land.

Answer 39

Freedmen’s Bureau

Question 40

created a rigid system of segregation in the South. Included a system of poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clause to prevent African Americans from participating in politics.

Answer 40

Jim Crow Laws

Question 41

racist hate group formed in Tennessee by Nathan Bedford Forrest with the goal of preventing African Americans from obtaining their constitutional rights through the use of fear and violence.

Answer 41

Ku Klux Klan

Question 42

Northerners who traveled to the South during Reconstruction to take advantage of economic opportunities to open businesses.

Answer 42

Carpetbaggers

Question 43

A white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation.

Answer 43

Scalawags

Question 44

Resulted in the outlawing of slavery in Tennessee. Gave universal voting rights to all male citizens. Contained laws that banned interracial marriage, integration of schools, and allowed poll taxes. Discriminatory laws were eventually overruled by the TN State Supreme Court

Answer 44

1870 TN Constitutional Convention

Question 45

was an unwritten agreement to put Hayes in office if the Republicans promised to remove all troops from the south.

Answer 45

Compromise of 1877

Question 46

When the Civil War broke out, he was outspoken against Tennessee’s secession. Even after it seceded, though he got East TN to reject secession two to one. He became the governor of TN and helped TN become the first state to rejoin the Union.

Answer 46

William Brownlow

Question 47

Following Lincoln’s assassination, extreme republicans took a harder stance against readmitting former confederate states into the Union.

Answer 47

Radical Republican