51-97 End of the Year Review Terms Flashcards
An emotion packed Christian Movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. Spread the idea of religious freedom and tolerance that sparked the growth of new churches.
First Great Awakening
A leader of the First Great Awakening, authored “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.”
Johnathan Edwards
A leader in the First Great Awakening; a preacher who made several tours through the colonies. His sermons were so profound that audience members often wept.
George Whitefield
By the mid-1700s, both the British and French held substantial land in North America. In 1753, the French began building forst to protect their claim on the Ohio River Valley. The Governor of Virginia decided to send troops to the disputed area led by a 21 year old officer named George Washington. Washington was defeated and sent back to the colonies.
French and Indian War
One of the founding fathers of the United States, known for his unifying Albany Plan
Benjamin Franklin
Tried to create a unified government for the 13 colonies during the French and Indian War
Albany Plan
This was a cartoon created by Benjamin Franklin that represented the need for the colonies to join together for a common defense in order for their survival
Join or Die
Written by Benjamin Franklin and contained many witty phrases and saying that are still a part of American culture today. Example “Content makes poor men rich; discontent makes rich men poor”
Poor Richard’s Almanac
When a New York printer published criticism of the royal governor. He was found not guilty because his statements were true. He established the first important victory for freedom of the press in the English Colonies of North America.
John Peter Zenger Trail
Ended the French and Indian War and defined the Appalachian Mountains as the boundaries for colonial settlement. It forbade any settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists often ignored this rle and crossed into the frontier creating conflict with Native Americans.
Proclamation of 1763
The French and Indian War ended with this document, however, long lasting repercussions made this war and significant cause of the American Revolution. Following the war, Great Britain expected the American Colonies to pay for the war debt. The colonists were also barred from exploring the newly acquired land. Additionally, this treaty gave Great Britain primary ownership of North America.
Treaty of Paris 1763
British parliament passed this, declaring that only British ships would be allowed to bring goods into the colonies and the colonies could only export goods to Great Britain.
Navigation Acts
The economic policy of European countries through which nations attempt to gain wealth through trade with other countries and exporting more than they import. Europeans held that colonies in the New World existed to make the home country wealthy and powerful as a source of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods. This caused European Countries to compete for land in the New World.
Mercantilism
Britain was in war debt and thought that colonists should pay part of the debt through taxes. This was one of the first acts they created. This was when Parliament put a duty (tax) on several products including molasses
Sugar Act of 1764
Another one of Britain’s taxes that required colonists to quarter, or house, British troops and provide them with supplies.
Quartering Act
Also another one of Britain’s taxes that required colonists to buy special taxed stamps for all sorts of items including letters and newspapers. This Act especially impacted the colonists because their communication was through letters and newspapers and now they had to pay to communicate.
Stamp Act
An act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act of 1765 and the changing and lessening of the Sugar Act. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act because of boycotts were hurting British Trade.
Declaratory Act
Colonists began to boycott some of the taxes by refusing to use the items being taxed. These acts said that Britain would no longer tax products or activities inside the colonies. it would only tax items brought into the colonies.
Townshend Acts
After the Townshend Acts were passed the colonists were very angry. On March 5th, 1770, an angry crowd gathered around a small group of soldiers. The soldiers fired into the crowd, killing 5. John Adams defended soldiers on trial. Only 2 were convicted and their punishment was to have their thumbs branded.
Boston Massacre
Although most of the taxes from the Townshend Acts had been repealed, the tax on tea remained. The Sons of Liberty was a group of colonial leaders that met in secret to play ways to resist British control. The Sons of Liberty threatened merchants and ship captains who brought tea to the colonies. No tea was brought to the colonies except to one port city, Boston. On the night of December 16.1773, a large group of men disguised as Indians demped thousands of dollars’ worth of tea into the Boston Harbor.
Boston Tea Party
In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed 4 laws meant to punish the colonists. The 4 laws were: closing the Boston Harbor, two increased the power of the royal government, and the last strengthened the Quartering Act. Colonists were outraged and several colonial leaders met in Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress.
Intolerable Acts
The policy of the British Government during the colonial period in which trade rules were rarely enforced and the colonies were allowed to govern themselves. This created a sense of individualism and promoted the tradition of self-government and widespread land ownership that led to the American Revolution.
Salutary Neglect
A group of radical colonial leaders that met in secret to plan ways to resist British Control (Patriots). They also led to the Boston Tea Party.
Sons of Liberty
in 1775, colonial citizens soldiers known as minutemen began to store weapons in Concord. British troops sent out to capture the weapons; however, Paul Revere and William Dawes warned the patriots of the British Advance. In the city of Lexington, about 5 miles from Concord, seventy seven minutemen awaited the British Advance. Soon after the British arrival, a shot rang out, this became the first shot of the American Revolution.
Battle of Lexington and Concord