UN Fluid

Question 1

Fluid balance maintained by

Answer 1

Ingestion
Distribution
Excretion of water and electrolytes
Respiration

Question 2

Body systems aiding in fluid balance

Answer 2

Renal
Pulmonary
Buffer systems

Question 3

Most abundant fluid

Answer 3

Intracellular fluid

Question 4

3 compartments of ECF

Answer 4

-interstitial (lymph, bet cells and outside blood vessels
-intravascular (plasma)
-transcellular (CSF, GI tract…)

Question 5

What are electrolytes

Answer 5

Solutes in all body fluids that carry electrical current, ions

Question 6

Roles of electrolytes

Answer 6

1. Maintain osmotic [] in body fluids
2. Needed in enzymes Rx
3. Nerve impulses
4. Muscle contractions
5. Metabolism

Question 7

Electrolytes function is to help with

Answer 7

1. Tissue oxygenation
2. Acid-base balance
3. Urine formation

Question 8

Hoe electrolytes move

Answer 8

Osmosis, diffusion, filtration, active transport

Question 9

What is hydrostatic pressure

Answer 9

Force exerted by blood against vascular walls

Question 10

What is osmotic pressure

Answer 10

Power of a solution to pull water across semipermeable membrane

Question 11

Osmotic pressure balances hydrostatic pressure around blood vessels and

Answer 11

Holds fluid in vascular compartment to maintain its volume

Question 12

When hydrostatic pressure > osmotic pressure,

Answer 12

Fluid filters out of blood vessels

Question 13

Organs/systems contributing to regulation

Answer 13

Kidneys
Lungs
Cardiovascular syst
Gastrointestinal syst

Question 14

Antidiuretic hormone increases blood volume by

Answer 14

H2o conservation by acting on kidneys to make them more permeable to water

Question 15

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system does what

Answer 15

Counteract hypervolemia acts on kidneys to save Na+ in body

Question 16

Atrial natriuretic factor does what

Answer 16

Increase sodium excretion and fluid loss, blocks release of ADH and aldosterone

Question 17

Fluid intake amount

Answer 17

2500ml/day (30-40ml/kg/day):
Oral 1100-1400ml
Food 800-1000ml
Metabolism 300ml

Question 18

Fluid output amount

Answer 18

Urine: 1200-1500ml
Feces: 100-200ml
Skin: 500-600ml
Lungs: 400ml

Question 19

Isotonic imbalance

Answer 19

Water and Na+ lost or gained equally
Cause: ECF volume deficit or excess

Question 20

Osmolality imbalance

Answer 20

Hypernatremia (lot of sweating, ADH deficiency)
Hyponatremia (excessive ADH and IV fluids, heart failure)

Question 21

Volume and osmolality imbalance

Answer 21

Body fluid decreased and too concentrated

Question 22

Hyponatremia (norm: 135-145 mmol/L)

Answer 22

Na+ <135mmol/L
Causes:
GI fluid loss
Diuretics
Diaphoresis (sweat)

Question 23

Hypernatremia

Answer 23

Na+ > 145mmol/L
Cause: excess water loss/sodium excess

Question 24

Hypokalemia (norm: 3.5-5.0 mmol/L)

Answer 24

K+ < 3.5 mmol/L
Cause:
GI loss (vomiting, gastric suction)
Diuretics

Question 25

Hyperkalemia

Answer 25

K+ > mmol/L
More dangerous than hypo
Can lead to cardiac arrest
In pts with renal failure and excessive IV infusion of K+

Question 26

K+

Answer 26

Major ICF cation, vital for neuromuscular and cardiac function

Question 27

Older adults more at risk of dehydration bc

Answer 27

Decreased thirst sensation

Question 28

Acid-base imbalances conditions

Answer 28

Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

Question 29

Risk factors for fluid/electrolytes/acid-base imbalance

Answer 29

Age
enviro
GI output
Chronic disease
Trauma
Head injuries
Therapies

Question 30

Action demand statement to promote intake of fluid actions

Answer 30

-Consume 2000-2400ml/day
-Maintain normal body weight
-Avoid high salt food/fluid
-Limit alcohol intake
-Increase fluid/electrolyte intake pre/post/during exercise
-Teach ways to prevent dehydration