UN Fluid Flashcards
Fluid balance maintained by
Ingestion
Distribution
Excretion of water and electrolytes
Respiration
Body systems aiding in fluid balance
Renal
Pulmonary
Buffer systems
Most abundant fluid
Intracellular fluid
3 compartments of ECF
-interstitial (lymph, bet cells and outside blood vessels
-intravascular (plasma)
-transcellular (CSF, GI tract…)
What are electrolytes
Solutes in all body fluids that carry electrical current, ions
Roles of electrolytes
- Maintain osmotic [] in body fluids
- Needed in enzymes Rx
- Nerve impulses
- Muscle contractions
- Metabolism
Electrolytes function is to help with
- Tissue oxygenation
- Acid-base balance
- Urine formation
Hoe electrolytes move
Osmosis, diffusion, filtration, active transport
What is hydrostatic pressure
Force exerted by blood against vascular walls
What is osmotic pressure
Power of a solution to pull water across semipermeable membrane
Osmotic pressure balances hydrostatic pressure around blood vessels and
Holds fluid in vascular compartment to maintain its volume
When hydrostatic pressure > osmotic pressure,
Fluid filters out of blood vessels
Organs/systems contributing to regulation
Kidneys
Lungs
Cardiovascular syst
Gastrointestinal syst
Antidiuretic hormone increases blood volume by
H2o conservation by acting on kidneys to make them more permeable to water
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system does what
Counteract hypervolemia acts on kidneys to save Na+ in body
Atrial natriuretic factor does what
Increase sodium excretion and fluid loss, blocks release of ADH and aldosterone
Fluid intake amount
2500ml/day (30-40ml/kg/day):
Oral 1100-1400ml
Food 800-1000ml
Metabolism 300ml
Fluid output amount
Urine: 1200-1500ml
Feces: 100-200ml
Skin: 500-600ml
Lungs: 400ml
Isotonic imbalance
Water and Na+ lost or gained equally
Cause: ECF volume deficit or excess
Osmolality imbalance
Hypernatremia (lot of sweating, ADH deficiency)
Hyponatremia (excessive ADH and IV fluids, heart failure)
Volume and osmolality imbalance
Body fluid decreased and too concentrated
Hyponatremia (norm: 135-145 mmol/L)
Na+ <135mmol/L
Causes:
GI fluid loss
Diuretics
Diaphoresis (sweat)
Hypernatremia
Na+ > 145mmol/L
Cause: excess water loss/sodium excess
Hypokalemia (norm: 3.5-5.0 mmol/L)
K+ < 3.5 mmol/L
Cause:
GI loss (vomiting, gastric suction)
Diuretics
Hyperkalemia
K+ > mmol/L
More dangerous than hypo
Can lead to cardiac arrest
In pts with renal failure and excessive IV infusion of K+
K+
Major ICF cation, vital for neuromuscular and cardiac function
Older adults more at risk of dehydration bc
Decreased thirst sensation
Acid-base imbalances conditions
Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis
Risk factors for fluid/electrolytes/acid-base imbalance
Age
enviro
GI output
Chronic disease
Trauma
Head injuries
Therapies
Action demand statement to promote intake of fluid actions
-Consume 2000-2400ml/day
-Maintain normal body weight
-Avoid high salt food/fluid
-Limit alcohol intake
-Increase fluid/electrolyte intake pre/post/during exercise
-Teach ways to prevent dehydration
