Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr 2 - Movement > Ultrasound of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Ultrasound of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What frequency should be used for the patella tendon? Why?

A

10-15 MHz - relatively superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What frequency should be used for the suprapatellar pouch? Why?

A

7.5-12 MHz - slightly deeper structure so slightly lower frequency is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the routine for a knee US?

A
  • Patellar tendon
  • Quadriceps tendon
  • Supra-patella pouch
  • Medial and lateral joint space
  • Posterior knee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the probe held in an US of the proximal patella tendon? What position is the knee in?

A
  • Knee in slightly flexed position
  • Probe held in longitudinal position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

US image of a patella tendon

A
  • Hoffa’s fat pad
    • An area under the patella tendon
  • Dermis and subcutaneous tissue above the patella tendon
  • Above the patella is the prepatellar bursa (can’t see in this image)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an acoustic shadow?

A

Is characterised by a signal void behind structures that strongly absorb or reflect ultrasonic waves. It is a form of imaging artifact. This happens most frequently with solid structures, as sound conducts most rapidly in areas where molecules are closely packed, such as in bone or stones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an ‘imaging artifact’?

A

An image artifact is any feature which appears in an image which is not present in the original imaged object.

i.e. seen here where the pointer is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an anisotropy?

A

An artefact encountered in ultrasound, notably in muscles and tendons during a musculoskeletal ultrasound. In musculoskeletal applications, the artefact may prompt an incorrect diagnosis of tendinosis or tendon tear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What artifact are tendons susceptible to?

A

Anisotropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transverse US of proximal patella tendon

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Longitudinal vs transverse view of the fibre bundles

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transverse view of fibres

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does this image show? (clue; patella tendinopathy)

A
  • A thickened tendon
  • Hypoechogenic tendon
    • More dense or solid than usual
  • Increased vascularity

Proximal patellar tendinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the quads tendon insert?

A

Proximal pole of the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How should the probe be held durng quadds tendon US?

A

Longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Longitudinal quads tendon US image

A

N.B. should say femoral condyle instead of femoral head

17
Q

US of quadriceps tendon ‘enthesitis’

A

Enthesitis is inflammation of the entheses, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone.

  • Tendon thicker and darker than normal (hypoechogenic)
  • Common aspect of psoriatic arthritis
18
Q

Position of knee during US of inter-trochlear groove and hyaline cartilage? Position of probe?

A
  • Knee very flexed
  • Probe transverse
19
Q

US image of inter-trochlear groove and hyaline cartilage

A
20
Q

A longitudinal view through the suprapatellar pouch - sonographic landmarks

A

The line represents the normal suprapatellar pouch. The full length of the pouch should be examined from the patella to most proximal aspect of the pouch.

21
Q

Where does the suprapatellar pouch lie between?

A

Lies between the supra-patellar fat pad and the pre-femoral fat pad

22
Q

Appearance of distended SPP - This is a longitudinal view through the suprapatellar pouch (SPP).

A
  • The distended pouch can be seen as the fat plains of the supra-patella fat (SPF) and pre-femoral fat (PFF) are separated.
  • The fluid (effusion) and synovial hypertrophy can be seen
  • Thickened synovium with increased vascularity
23
Q

Removal of fluid for analysis; different types of fluid

US can be used to help guide fluid removal

A
24
Q

Normal synovial fluid

A
  • Straw coloured
  • Quite clear
25
Q

Longitudinal muscle view

A
26
Q

Transverse muscle view

A
27
Q

What is a Doppler US?

A

A Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to estimate the blood flow through your blood vessels by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off circulating red blood cells.

28
Q

US of relaxed muscle

A
29
Q

US of contracted muscle

A
30
Q

Medial knee - longitudinal US

A
31
Q

Meniscal bulge and tear US

A
32
Q

To US the posterior knee, what might you have to do to the probe frequency?

A

Deeper structures - frequency would need to be lowered

33
Q

Posterior knee US

A
34
Q

How do you different between popliteal vein and artery?

A
  • Popliteal artery is normally deeper than the vein
  • Vein is compressable with overlying transducer pressure but artery wouldn’t
35
Q

What is Baker’s cyst?

A
  • A Baker’s cyst is a fluid-filled cyst that causes a bulge and a feeling of tightness behind your knee
  • Usually the result of a problem with your knee joint, such as arthritis or a cartilage tear
  • Come from the bursa betwen the medial head of gastrocnemius and the semi-membranosus tendon
36
Q

US of Baker’s cyst

A
37
Q

What complications might follow a Baker’s cyst?

A
  • Rupture
  • DVT
  • Arterial compression and ischaemia
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Infection
38
Q

Signs of a ruptured Baker’s cyst?

A
  • Typically mimics a DVT
  • Crescent sign

Yr 2 - Movement (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions