Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr 2 - Movement > Anatomy - Lower Leg and Ankle > Flashcards

Anatomy - Lower Leg and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What is intraosseous (IO) access ? When is it used?

A

An effective route for fluid resuscitation and drug delivery directly into bone when patient is very unwell (especially in children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is found here? What attaches here?

A

Tibial tuberosity (with medial and lateral tibial condyles either side) - attachment site of quads via patella tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What features of the tibia and fibula are present distally?

A

Elongated pieces of bone –> medial and lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the lateral malleolus? What forms it?

A

The bony prominence on the lateral side of the ankle joint - It is formed by the inferior end of the fibula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the medial malleolus? What forms it?

A

The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What forms the articular surface for the ankle joint? What is this called?

A

Formed by the curved undersurface of the tibia, and the inner surfaces of the medial malleolus, and the lateral malleolus –> the ankle mortise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bone sits in the ankle mortise?

A

The talus (this forms the ankle joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What movement is this?

A

Extension (dorsiflexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What movement is this?

A

Flexion (plantarflexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscles perform extension (dorsiflexion)?

A

Extensor muscles that lie on anterior aspect of leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which muscles perform flexion (plantarflexion)?

A

Flexors lying in posterior compartment of leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do inversion and eversion movements of the foot happen?

A

At the subtalar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the subtalar joint between?

A

The subtalar joint is an articulation between two of the tarsal bones in the foot – the talus and calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is being pointed to? Where is it found?

A

Soleal line - posterior aspect of tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What attaches to the soleal line?

A

large muscle of leg - ‘soleus’ (calf muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can you tell if a tibia is right or left?

A
  • Look for medial malleolus (should be on same side as big toe i.e. face medially)
  • Then look for anterior or posterior surface (sharp anterior or soleal line)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What bone is being pointed to?

A

Talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the ‘heel’ bone?

A

Calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the calcaneus articulate with?

A

The calcaneus connects with the talus and cuboid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What bone is being pointed to?

A

Navicular (tarsal bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What bone is being pointed to?

A

Cuboid (most laterally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bone is being pointed to?

A

Medial cuneiform bone

There are three cuneiform bones: The medial cuneiform (also known as first cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular bone and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. Lateral to it is the intermediate cuneiform.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

View of metatarsals and phalanges

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What joint is being pointed to?

A

Tarsometatarsal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What joint is being pointed to?

A

Metatarsophalangeal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What joint is being pointed to?

A

The hallux interphalangeal joint (big toe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Muscles of the anterior leg generally act on the ankle and toes as…?

A

Extensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Muscles of the lateral leg generally act on the ankle as…?

A

Everters (on subtalar joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The nerve of the anterior leg is…?

A

The deep fibular (a branch of the common fibular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The nerve of the lateral leg is…?

A

The superficial fibular (branch of common fibular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is being pointed to? Where are the muscles of the anterior compartment found in relation to this?

A

Sharp anterior border of tibia - muscles found lateral to this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What bony projection is being pointed to?

A

Lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How are the compartments of muscles of the leg separated?

A

The deep fascia of the leg sends intermuscular septae into leg to separate compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What fibrous band is seen here? What does it cover?

A

Extensor retinaculum - covers and protects long tendons as they travel across the anterior part of ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Innervation and arterial supply of muscles of anterior compartment of leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve (branch of common fibular) and anterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • (peroneus tertius muscle, also known as fibularis tertius) - not really mentioned as absent in some people, also considered as part of extensor digitorum longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What muscle is being pointed to?

A

Tendon of tibialis anterior (most anterior muscle) - trace distally to find muscle belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Medial and inferior aspects of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle, inversion of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Tendon and insertion of tibialis anterior diagrams

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What tendons are being pointed to?

A

Tendons of extenstor digitorum longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • 4 tendons - extend the 4 digits
  • Dorsiflexion of ankle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Where does extensor hallucis longus lie?

A

Deep to other anterior muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What tendon is being pointed to?

A

Tendon of extensor hallucis longus

45
Q

Insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of big toe

46
Q

Insertion of tendons of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Distal phalanges of toes 2-5

47
Q

Actions of extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • Extends big toe
  • Dorsiflex ankle
48
Q

How can you identify the muscles of the anterior from the lateral compartment?

A

Look for tendons behind the lateral malleolus (these are tendons of lateral compartment) and trace proximally

49
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

A
  • Fibularis longus
  • Fibularis brevis
50
Q

What muscle is being pointed to?

A

Fibularis longus (brevis lies deeper)

51
Q

Where do fibularis longus and brevis travel?

A

Book hook behind lateral malleolus

52
Q

Innervation and arterial supply of lateral compartment of leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve and fibular artery (branch from posterior tibial artery)

53
Q

Where does tendon of fibularis brevis attach?

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

54
Q

Where does fibularis longus attach?

A

Travels under foot and into sole of foot and inserts on the inferior aspect of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal

55
Q

What sheet of fibrous tissue is being pointed to?

A

IOM - lying between tibia and fibula

56
Q

What tendon is being pointed to?

A

Tendon of tibialis anterior

57
Q

What vessel?

A

Anterior tibial artery

58
Q

What nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve

59
Q

Where do the anterior tibial artery and deep fibular nerve pass after the leg?

A

Pass into the foot

60
Q

What tendon?

A

Tendon of fibularis longus

61
Q

What nerve?

A

Superifical fibular nerve

62
Q

What nerve winds round here?

A

Common fibular - winds around head and neck of fibula

63
Q

After winding round head and neck of fibula, what 2 branches does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

Deep and superficial fibular branches

64
Q

What causes ‘foot drop’?

A

Dropping of the forefoot happens due to weakness, irritation or damage to the common fibular nerve (deep muscles) –> damage to anterior compartment muscles so can’t dorsiflex foot (toes drag on ground)

65
Q

How do patients compensate for ‘foot drop’ during walking?

A

High stepping gait; flexing hip and knee more so whole leg clears the ground

66
Q

Muscles of the posterior leg generally act on the ankle and toes as…?

A

Flexors

67
Q

The nerve of the posterior leg is…?

A

Tibial nerve

68
Q

What bony protrusion?

A

Medial malleolus

69
Q

What nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

70
Q

What nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve - running along lateral aspect of popliteal fossa

71
Q

Actions of muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

A
  • Plantarflex ankle
  • Flex toes
72
Q

Innervation and arterial supply of muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

A

Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

73
Q

What are muscles of posterior compartment of leg divided into?

A

Superifical and deep group

74
Q

What muscles make up the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

3 muscles:

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Plantaris
  • Soleus
75
Q

What muscles make up the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

4:

  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
76
Q

What muscle is being pointed to?

A

Gastrocnemius (has 2 heads - medial and lateral)

77
Q

What do the 2 heads of gastrocnemius form?

A

The inferior border of the popliteal fossa

78
Q

How do the 2 muscle bellies of gastrocnemius converge distally? What is this tendon called?

A

Converge distally onto posterior and superior aspect of calcaneum (achilles tendon)

79
Q

What movement normally causes rupture of achilles tendon?

A

Very sudden and forceful plantarflexion (e.g. running/jumping)

80
Q

Action of gastrocnemius?

A

Powerful plantarflexor of the ankle

81
Q

What tendon? (N.B. gastrocnemius has been reflected)

A

Tendon of plantaris

82
Q

What muscle?

A

Soleus - large flat muscle

83
Q

Where does soleus insert distally?

A

Achilles tendon (joins with gastrocnemius)

84
Q

Action of soleus?

A

Powerful plantarflexor of ankle

85
Q

How do calf muscles assist venous return?

A

Muscle pump –> contract and sqeeze deep veins of leg, forcing blood back towards heart (venous return)

Immobility can predispose you to DVT

86
Q

What 2 muscles of the posterior leg compartment can flex the toes?

A
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
87
Q

Where does flexor hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of big toe (N.B. can also plantarflex the ankle)

88
Q

Where does flexor digitorum longus insert?

A

Distal phalanges of digits 2-5 (N.B. can also plantarflex ankle)

89
Q

Where does the tibialis posterior insert?

A

Attachment centered around medial cuneiform and the navicular

90
Q

How do the tendons of posterior leg compartment enter the foot? Which artery and nerve accompanies them?

A

Travel behind medial malleolus - accompanied by posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve

91
Q

Which tendon?

A

Tibialis posterior

92
Q

What tendon?

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

93
Q

What tendon?

A

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus

94
Q

Order of tendons entering the foot posteriorly (behind the medial malleolus)?

A
  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Flexor hallucis longus (most posterior)

I.e. Tom Dick and Harry

95
Q

Between which tendons does the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery lie?

A

Between tendon of flexor hallucis longus and tendon of flexor digitorum longus

96
Q

How can the deep muscles of the posterior leg compartment be identified?

A

Find tendons first then trace back

97
Q

Origin of tibialis posterior?

A

Originates from the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula, and posterior surfaces of the two bones.

98
Q

Origin of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Originates from the posterior surface of the fibula then travels laterally

99
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum longus?

A

It is located medially in the posterior leg and originates from the medial surface of the tibia

100
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into when entering the foot?

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

101
Q

What does the tibial nerve divide into when entering the foot?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerve

102
Q

What is the artery of the lateral compartment of the leg? What is this a branch of?

A

Fibular artery (branch from posterior tibial)

103
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein form?

A

Just anterior to medial malleolus

104
Q

What vessel?

A

Great saphenous vein

105
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into? Where?

A

Into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

106
Q

Dorsal venous arch diagram

A
107
Q

Laterally, what does the dorsal venous arch drain into?

A

Small saphenous vein

108
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein drain into?

A

The popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

109
Q

Medially, what does the dorsal venous arch drain into?

A

Great saphenous vein - travels anterior to medial malleolus

Yr 2 - Movement (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions