Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr 2 - Movement > The Hand SDL > Flashcards

The Hand SDL Flashcards

1
Q

What carpal bones are in the proximal row? (radial to ulnar side)

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What carpal bones are in the distal row? (ulnar to radial side)

A

Hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What carpal bones articulate with the radius to form the wrist joint?

A

Scaphoid and lunate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Heberden’s nodes? Which joints are they associated with?

A

Heberden’s node –> Bony bumps on the finger joint closest to the fingernail associated with the distal interphalangeal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Bouchard’s nodes?

A

Bouchard’s nodes are bony bumps on the middle joint of the finger –> associated with the proximal interphalangeal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis causes several marked deformities of the hands – which joints in the hands are primarily affected?

A

Proximal interphalangeal

Metacarpophalangeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beneath the skin of the palm is a triangular-shaped thickening of deep fascia. What is this fascia called and what is its function?

A

Palmar aponeurosis –> protects underlying structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Some of the anterior forearm muscles insert, via long tendons, onto the palmar aspect of the bones of the hand. What are these muscles grouped as?

A

Extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are intrinsic muscles of the hand different?

A

have both their origins and insertions within the hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The intrinsic muscles in the palm of the hand can be considered in 5 groups. What are these groups?

A
  1. Thenar eminence
  2. Hypothenar eminence
  3. Lumbricals
  4. Interossei
  5. Adductor pollicis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the thenar eminence? What muscles make it up?

A

describes three of the four intrinsic muscles of the thumb:

  1. Opponens pollicis
  2. Flexor pollicis brevis
  3. Abductor pollicis brevis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the actions of the 3 thenar muscles?

A

OP - enables opposition of the thumb

FPB - flexes the thumb at the MCPJ

APB - abducts the thumb at the MCPJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve innervates the 3 thenar muscles?

A

The recurrent branch of the median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adductor pollicis is an intrinsic muscle of the thumb but differs from the three thenar eminence muscles in two important ways. What 2 ways?

A
  1. it is not located in the thenar eminence
  2. it is not innervated by the same nerve as the thenar eminence muscles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the action of adductor pollicis?

A

Adductor pollicis adducts the thumb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence? What muscles make it up?

A

The hypothenar eminence describes three intrinsic muscles of the little finger that are grouped together in the same location in the palm.

  1. Opponens digiti minimi
  2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  3. Abductor digiti minimi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the actions of the 3 hypothenar muscles?

A

ODM - opposition of the little finger

FDMB - flexes little finger at MCPJ

ADM - abducts little finger at MCPJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve innervates these 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many lumbricals are there? Where do they arise from?

A

4

Arise from the tendons of the FDP in the palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do the 1st and 2nd lumbricals arise from?

A

Lumbricals arise from just one FDP tendon –> described as unipennate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the 3rd and 4th lumbricals arise from?

A

arise from two adjacent FDP tendons -> described as bipennate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does each lumbrical insert?

A

onto the extensor expansion on the lateral (so, ‘thumb side’) of its respective digit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why are the lumbricals unique? How does this arrangement make them important?

A

they arise in the palm of the hand but insert onto the dorsum of the fingers via the extensor expansion

make an important contribution to extension of the fingers (i.e. extension at the PIPJs and DIPJS).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What movements do the lumbricals allow?

A
  • make an important contribution to extension of the fingers (i.e. extension at the PIPJs and DIPJS).
  • also allow a combination movement of flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint with simultaneous extension at the PIPJs and DIPjs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Medial 2 –> innervated by deep branch of ulnar

Lateral 2 –> branch of median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 2 groups of interossei?

A

Dorsal and palmar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where do the interossei lie? Where do they insert?

A

They lie between the metacarpal bones and insert on the extensor expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of the fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of the fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What other movements do the interossei allow?

A

Because they insert onto the extensor expansion, the interossei also make an important contribution to extension at the interphalangeal joints of the fingers and work with the lumbrical muscles to control the fine movements of the fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How many palmar interossei muscles are there?

A

3 - The middle (third) finger has no palmar interosseous muscle as the tendons of the palmar interossei diverge away from the middle finger.

When they contract, they pull the 2nd, 4th and 5th digits towards the middle finger – this is adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is there an adductor in the hypothenar eminence? What adducts the little finger instead?

A

The third palmar interosseous muscle adducts the little finger – there is no adductor in the hypothenar eminence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there? Where do they originate from?

A

There are 4 dorsal interossei. Each originates from two adjacent metacarpals. Their tendons converge towards the middle finger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What happens when the dorsal interossei contract?

A

they pull digits 2 and 4 away from the middle finger – this is abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How many dorsal interossei does the middle finger have attached to it?

A

2 –> can therefore be independently moved to either side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Do the interossei have any effect on the thumb?

A

No - the thumb as it’s own abductors and adductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which muscles abduct and adduct the thumb?

A

Abduct –> abductor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis

Adduct –> adductor pollicis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which nerve innervates all the interossei?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

40
Q

What do the extensor expansions cover?

A

Extensor expansions cover the dorsum and sides of the distal metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges and maintain the extensor tendons in the midline of the digits

41
Q

What is the function of the extensor expansion?

A

It helps anchor the long extensor tendons, and is also the insertion point for the interossei and lumbrical muscles

42
Q

What movement occurs when the interossei and lumbricals act together?

A

When the interossei and lumbricals act together, because they insert on the extensor expansion, they allow flexion at the MCPJ and extension at the IPJ to occur simultaneously

43
Q

Appearance of superficial veins in the dorsum of the hand

A
44
Q

Why does a torniquet make the superificial veins easier to see?

A

restricts venous return from the hand and distends the superficial veins, making them easier to see and access

45
Q

What veins form the dorsal venous network?

A

The cephalic vein and basilic vein form from the dorsal venous network

46
Q

What structure does the cephalic vein run through?

A

The cephalic vein runs through the anatomical snuffbox and can be accessed in this location.

47
Q

What forms the arterial supply of the hand ?

A

The radial and ulnar arteries supply blood to the hand. The ulnar artery predominantly supplies the medial part of the hand, and the radial predominantly supplies the lateral part.

48
Q

What happens when the radial and ulnar arteries reach the palm?

A

They anastamose –> forming the superficial and deep palmar arches

49
Q

What forms the superficial palmar arch?

A

The superficial arch is the terminal part of the ulnar artery with input from the radial artery

50
Q

What forms the deep palmar arch?

A

the terminal part of the radial artery with input from the ulnar artery

51
Q

What is the function of the radial and ulnar arteries anastamosing?

A

ensure that if one of the arteries is compromised, the hand will still be perfused providing the other artery is patent

52
Q

What is The Modified Allen’s Test?

A

a simple test that allows a clinician to assess the adequacy of the blood flow within the ulnar artery before the radial artery is accessed for procedures like arterial blood gas sampling, inserting an arterial line (for continuous blood pressure monitoring and taking regular arterial blood gas samples) or for minimally invasive procedures like coronary angiography

53
Q

Why is it vital to perform the Modified Allen’s test before accessing the radial or ulnar artery?

A

USE THE MODIFIED Allen test to assess the integrity of the ulnar artery before your patient undergoes radial artery puncture or cannulation. You must verify ulnar collateral circulation to ensure blood flow to the hand if embolization or a thrombus occludes the radial artery.

54
Q

What is the skin of the hand supplied by?

A

the ulnar, median and radial nerves.

55
Q

What sensory innervation does the median nerve supply in the hand?

A
  • the middle and lateral palm
  • the palmar surface of the lateral 3 ½ digits
  • the dorsum of the lateral 3 ½ digits distal to DIPJ of the fingers and IPJ of the thumb
56
Q

What sensory innervation does the radial nerve supply in the hand?

A
  • the ASB
  • the dorsum of the lateral hand and lateral 3 digits as far as the DIPJs of the 2nd and 3rd digits and the IPJ of the thumb
57
Q

What sensory innervation does the ulnar nerve supply in the hand?

A
  • the medial palm and dorsum of the hand
  • the palmar surface medial 1 ½ digits
  • the dorsum medial 2 digits excluding lateral ½ of tip of the 4th digit, distal to DIPJ
58
Q

Contraction of muscle B brings about which one of the following movements?

A

Abduction of the 4th digit - These muscles are the dorsal interossei, which abduct the fingers. This muscle can be seen arising from the 4th and 5th metacarpals and inserting on the proximal phalanx of the 4th digit - it therefore acts upon the 4th and not the 5th digit.

59
Q

Identify carpal bone D.

A

Lunate

60
Q

Identify muscle E.

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

61
Q

What is muscle B?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

62
Q

What are the muscles indicated in this image?

A

Dorsal interossei:

  • abduct the fingers away from the midline (middle finger)
  • insert upon the extensor expansions
  • are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
63
Q

What is B a tendon of? Would the part of the muscle that gives rise to this tendon would be affected by median nerve damage at the wrist? Would the part of the muscle that gives rise to this tendon would be affected by ulnar nerve damage at the elbow?

A

B is a tendon of FDS

The part of the muscle that gives rise to this tendon would be unaffected by median nerve damage at the wrist

The part of the muscle that gives rise to this tendon would be unaffected by median nerve damage at the wrist

64
Q

What are the muscles shown in this image?

A

Palmar interossei:

  • innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
  • adduct the fingers towards the midline
  • contribute to flexion at the MCPJs and extension at the IPJs
65
Q

Bone C articulates with which other carpal bones?

A
  • Capitate (D)
  • Trapezium (A)
  • Lunate (E)
  • Trapezoid (B)
66
Q

The muscles labelled X act to simultaneously:

A

Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints

67
Q

The muscles labelled X arise from which one of the following structures?

A

The flexor digitorum profundus tendons

68
Q

Palpation of vessel C can sometimes be difficult because in life it lies deep to and partly covered by the tendon of what?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

69
Q

What structures travel through Guyon’s Canal?

A

Ulnar nerve and ulnar artery

70
Q

Name muscles A, B and D

A

A - Abductor digiti minimi

B - Opponens digiti minimi (lies deep)

D - Flexor digiti minimi

71
Q

Which nerve travels in the region circled A?

A

Ulnar nerve

72
Q

Identify bone F

A

Trapezoid

73
Q

Muscle D is innervated by which nerve?

A

D is adductor pollicis –> innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

74
Q

Tendon B and its muscle contribute to flexion at all of the following joints EXCEPT the…

A

DIPJ

75
Q

Nerve B contains fibres from which spinal cord segments?

A

C8-T1

76
Q

A patient with an injury affecting structure G would develop which one of the following:

  • Wrist drop?
  • Weakness of small muscles of the hand?
  • Thumb atrophy?
A

Weakness of the small muscles of the hand

77
Q

What is main contributor for superficial palmar arch?

A

Its main source is the ulnar artery, with a smaller contribution from the radial artery.

78
Q

In the diagram below, the examiner (white hand) is making an assessment of a patient’s hand. The patient is able resist the examiners attempt to pull the paper from between the 4th and 5th digits. The examiner is able to confirm the functioning of which muscle?

A

3rd palmar interosseous

79
Q

What is vessel C?

A

Ulnar artery

80
Q

What is the preferred vessel for arterial blood gas sampling?

A

ABG sampling is usually performed on the radial artery because the superficial anatomic presentation of this vessel makes it easily accessible. However, this should be done only after it has been demonstrated that there is sufficient collateral blood supply to the hand.

81
Q

The examiner (white hand) is performing an assessment of a patient (purple). Which nerve is the examiner assessing with the test below?

A

Radial nerve

82
Q

Identify carpal bone C

A

Hamate

83
Q

The muscles labelled A, B and C insert on the extensor expansions of which digits?

A

2, 4 and 5 (NOT the middle finger)

84
Q

Which muscle flexes the interphalangeal joint of the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

85
Q

In the diagram below, the examiner (white hand) is making an assessment of a patient’s hand. The patient is able resist the examiners attempt to pull the paper from between the 4th and 5th digits. The examiner is able to confirm the functioning of which muscle?

A

3rd palmar interosseous

86
Q

Dislocation of bone E in an anterior / palmar direction could cause compression of which nerve?

A

Median nerve

87
Q

Identify the vessel indicated by the letter D.

A

Median cubital vein

88
Q

What is vessel A?

A
  • Radial artery
  • Is a major contributor to the deep palmar arch
  • Passes between the 2 heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle
89
Q

What is extensor digitorum supplied by?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

90
Q

A patient with a right side radial nerve lesion resulting in ‘wrist drop’ could extend her elbow joint - but this movement was weak when compared to the left side. At approximately what level does the radial nerve lesion lie?

A

Mid-arm

91
Q

Match the letter to the correct carpal bone on this X-ray of a right hand.

A

A - trapezium

B - trapezoid

C - scaphoid

D - capitate

E - lunate

F - hamate

G - pisiform

H - triquetral

92
Q

What is tendon E? Where does it travel?

A

Flexor pollicis longus - travels through the carpal tunnel

93
Q

The photograph shows an examiner (on the left) assessing the function of a patient’s right hand (on the right). The examiner is is trying to push the patient’s fingers together. The patient’s ability to resist this demonstrates the functioning of what nerve and what muscles?

A
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Ulnar nerve
94
Q

What major nerve has been lacerated here?

A

Median nerve

95
Q

What are the muscles labelled x?

A

Lumbricals - can see arising from FDP tendons

Yr 2 - Movement (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions