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Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

When and where was ultrasound used in medicine

A

1950’s
Popular first in obstetrics
No ionizing radiation

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2
Q

Advantages of ultrasound (4)

A

Identify anatomical structures

Relationship of needle to tissues

May decrease time

May decrease complications

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3
Q

Ultrasound waves travel between_____

A

Travel 2-20 Mhz
Travels differently in different structures

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4
Q

Audible sound Hz

A

(Audible sound = 20-20,000 Hz)

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5
Q

What are the 3 things that sound waves can do when it encounters a surface (interfaces)

A

Transmitted
Reflected
Something in between

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6
Q

The sound waves that are_____ back to______ create____ recorded by the computer

A

The sound waves that are reflected back to crystals create impulse recorded by the computer

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7
Q

Anechoic

A

without
dark picture- transmitted sound waves
fluid

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8
Q

Hyerechoic

A

Bright
reflected
bones/stones

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9
Q

Isoechoic color

A

shades of gray
bewtween transmitted adn reflected
soft tissue/muscle/fat

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10
Q

Fluid on ultrasound is seen as

A

anechoic

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11
Q

What changes shape and vibrates to give us a picture

A

Piezoelectric crystals

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12
Q

Piezoelectric crystals fucntion

A

Inside head of the transducer

Change shape with electric impulse
Starts to vibrate
Generates sound waves

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13
Q

Linear array features (3)

A

High frequency (7-15 MHz)
Better resolution at
Superficial depth

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14
Q

Bundle of nerves, carotid, IJ use what transducer?

A

linear array

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15
Q

Curved array features (3)

A

Low frequency (2-5 MHz)
Poorer resolution
Deeper tissue

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16
Q

Looking at stomach or gal bladder use what probe?

A

curved array

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17
Q

Phased array features (2)

A

Lowest frequency (1-3 MHz)
Useful for echocardiography

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18
Q

Axial plane

A

cut body horizontal

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19
Q

sgittal plane

A

cute body vertically

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20
Q

What is the static approach? (3)

A

-identifying the target vessel, assessing patency
-marking an appropriate insertion site
-cannulating blindly.

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21
Q

What is the dynamic approach?

A

performing the procedure in real time
viewing the needle puncturing the vessel wall.

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22
Q

Term for posture and body mechanics

A

Ergonomics

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23
Q

How to hold probe

A

like a pencil

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24
Q

what do you put the gel on?

A

on the cover on the probe

25
What are the two ways to focus?
Gain and depth
26
Quality of the signal you are getting back to the structure
Gain = brightness signal quality too dark or too bright
27
When the gain is adjused enough....
Twist back and forth until fluid is black and soft tissue is mid-grey
28
Depth measures are shown....
Depth measures are shown in cm on side of screen
29
what setting is a knob and what is a button
knob = gain buttons = depth
30
tips for using depth
Start at high depth then work to bring object of interest into middle of screen
31
IN plane vs out of plane refers to______
Refers to relationship of needle to plane of ultrasound
32
In-Plane
transducer head and needle = parallel, see the needle for as long as the transducer head is.
33
out of plane
head of transducer and needle is perpendicular = needle looks like a dot
34
should always be in the_____ axis for procedures
long
35
advantages of in-plane view
See whole needle and tip
36
Disadvantages of in-plane
easy to be off plane
37
advantages of out of plane
Needle is positioned directly under plane of ultrasound
38
disadvantages of out of plane
Unclear where tip of needle is
39
View used for Central line
out of plane view
40
Vanishing sign
Looking for hyperechoic signal = find by scanning up and down the neck. Know that the needle is intraluminer and scan up and down the neck = see wire moving and will move inside but getting at different angle.
41
indications of Ultra sound guided IV access (2)
History of difficult cannulation Multiple failed attempts
42
Contraindications for Ultra sound guided IV access
Does not substitute for IO access in life-threatening situations
43
which probe to use for Ultra sound guided IV access
Linear high frequency
44
Ultrasound guided IV access with linear probe exceptions
Obese = curved for deeper view
45
FAST
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
46
indications for FAST
To r/o free fluid in the abdomen and pericardium
47
Which probe is used for FAST
Curvilinear because looking for organs
48
Assessment points for FAST
1. RUQ- Morison’s pouch 2. LUQ- Peri-splenic view 3. Pelvic view- Suprapubic 4. Cardiac view
49
Free fluid in morisons pouch
Between liver and kidney
50
Perisplenic view
look between spleed and kidney
51
Pop during nerve blocks means what?
Needle passing through nerve sheath
52
Indications for gastric ultrasound (3)
-Lack of adherence to fasting instructions -Unclear fasting history -Potential delay in gastric emptying
53
Testing for NPO
<1.5 ml/kg = unlikely to have enough to have enough to worry about with aspiration > 1.5 ml/kg and solid food on ultrasound = potential aspiration = RSI, wait to do the case,
54
Normal stomach on ultrasound looks like a ______
bullseye
55
High depth
too far away
56
Low depth
too close
57
Low depth
too close
58
High depth
too far away

Principles (34 decks)

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