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Principles > Compressed gasses > Flashcards

Compressed gasses Flashcards

1
Q

Psi

A

pounds per square inch

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2
Q

Non-liquified gas

A

A gas that does not liquefy at ordinary ambient temperatures regardless of the pressure applied

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3
Q

Common carrier gasses used

A

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Air
Helium

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4
Q

Liquified gas

A

A gas that becomes liquid to a large extent in containers at ambient temperature and at pressures from 25-1500psi

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5
Q

Gasses that stay in liquid gas form

A

Nitrous oxide
Carbon dioxide

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6
Q

Who governs purity

A

FDA

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7
Q

Who governs marking, labeling, storage, handling

A

DOT

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8
Q

Who governs employee safety

A

Dept of Labor/OSH

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9
Q

Who governs the risk of combustion

A

National Fire Protection Association

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10
Q

Body of compressed gas tanks componenets

A

Steel, steel carbon fiber, aluminum
Flat or concave bases
Neck with screw threads;

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11
Q

What Allows refilling and discharge of gas tanks? and what types can they be

A

Valve
Attached to the neck
Bronze or brass

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12
Q

What should be attached to every cylinder?

A

Handle
Opens/closes cylinder

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13
Q

What Vents cylinder contents to atmosphere if pressure increases to dangerous level?
what types can they be?

A

Pressure relief device
Disc or plug

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14
Q

Holes on the cylinder valve
positioned in an arc below
the outlet port

A

Pin Index Safety System

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15
Q

Pins on the ______ or _______are positioned to fit
into the pin index safety system holes on the neck of the gas cylinder

A

Pins on the yoke or pressure
regulator are positioned to fit
into these holes

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16
Q

What letter code is the smallest cylinder size

A

Letter code….”a” smallest

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17
Q

Most common cylinder used in anesthesia machines

A

E most commonly on anesthesia machines

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18
Q

What cylinder size is for transport

A

D for transport

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19
Q

Oxygen pressure and volume range when full

A

pressure 1900-2200psi
volume 600L

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20
Q

Non-liquefied gas contents vs pressure

A

pressure decreases as volume decreases

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21
Q

Contents vs Pressure for liquefied gas

A

pressure depends on vapor pressure
NOT an indication of remaining volume

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22
Q

DOT regulations for cylinders (5)

A

-Service pressure
-Test date
-Diamond-shaped label indicating hazard of gas…danger, warning, or caution
-Name and address of the manufacturer
-Expiration date of contents

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23
Q

Valves, regulators, gauges never come into contact _____________ (3)

A

Valves, regulators, gauges never come into contact with oils, greases, lubricants

don’t use lubricant to open valves

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24
Q

Never subject cylinders to temps ________

A

Never subject to temps above 54 C (130F)

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25
Q

Never cross-use what for cylinders?

A

Never cross-use hoses, regulators, gauges

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26
Q

Cylinder Standards (8)

A

Valves, regulators, gauges never come into contact with oils, greases, lubricants

Never subject to temps above 54 C (130F)

Connections always tight

Never cross use hoses, regulators, gauges

Markings, labels must not be altered

Cannot be dropped, drug, slid

Valve kept closed at all times

Properly secured to prevent fall

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27
Q

Cylinder valves are to be kept_______

A

Valve kept closed at all times

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28
Q

nitrous colors

A

blue

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29
Q

air colors

A

yellow

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30
Q

oxygen colors

A

green

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31
Q

Storage rooms for cylinders requirements (6)

A

Adequate ventilation

Signs “no smoking” “no combustibles”

Not exposed to corrosive chemicals, fumes

Stored upright in bins

Full separated from empty

Wrapping, drapes undesirable

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32
Q

How to use a cylinder; (8)

A

Label, pin index holes, regulator, valve outlet inspected

Tamper seal removed

1 Washer in place

Open valve before bringing cylinder to pt

Face valve outlet away from people

Open slowly

Check service pressure

Correct leaks if any

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33
Q

Open _____ before bringing_____ to pt

A

Open valve before bringing cylinder to pt

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34
Q

Used to deliver non-flammable gases to anesthetizing locations and other patient care areas

A

Pipeline Systems

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35
Q

Pipeline system delivers what gasses?

A

oxygen
nitrous
air

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36
Q

Oxygen bank supply requirement

A

A “bank” must contain at least 2 days supply
Have primary and secondary bank
May have reserve supply in secondary location

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37
Q

Central supply locations

A

Outdoors in enclosure
Indoors in secure area

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38
Q

What is the gaseous supply cylinder size

A

Gaseous supply
G and H cylinders
Refilled on site or transported

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39
Q

Liquid gas supply features

A

Less expensive and more
convenient to store
Refilled from supply trucks
No interruption to service

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40
Q

Main lines piping

A

connect gas source to risers

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41
Q

Riser

A

vertical pipes connecting main line with branch lines on each level of the facility

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42
Q

Branch piping

A

sections supplying a room or group of rooms on one level of the facility. stem of risers

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43
Q

Permit specific areas of the piping system to be isolated for problems /maintenance

A

Shut-off Valves

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44
Q

Where are area alarm systems located?

A

Found in critical life support
areas

Must be audible and visible
Must be labeled for gas and area

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45
Q

What causes area alarm systems to alarm

A

Alarms if pressure increases/
decreases 20% from normal
line pressure

46
Q

Area alarm systems that must alarm at least ______ places

A

Must alarm in at least 2 places…
Maintenance, engineering, the affected unit

47
Q

Point in piped gas distribution where user connects and disconnects by hose

A

Terminal units

48
Q

What system does terminal units use?

A

Uses Diameter Index Safety System (DISS) or “quick connects”

Nipple and nut vary in bore and diameter

49
Q

Allow connection with one/both hands without tools

A

Quick Connectors

50
Q

What is More convenient but leak more than terminal units

A

Quick Connectors

51
Q

Outlet Types

A

Wall, Ceiling-mounted, Ceiling column

52
Q

Modern volatile anesthetics exist in_______ (3)

A

Exist in liquid state below 20 degrees C
(68 degrees F)

In closed container, molecules escape liquid to vapor phase

Vapor molecules bombard container walls…saturated vapor pressure

53
Q

Part of the total pressure of any one gas in a mixture

A

Partial Pressure

54
Q

Partail pressure depends on____

A

Depends on temperature

55
Q

Daltons law

A

(remember partial pressures = sum…Dalton’s law)

56
Q

Concentration of a gas in a mixture expressed as a percentage

A

Volumes Percent
Partial pressure/total pressure = volumes percent

57
Q

When equilibrium is achieved between the liquid and vapor phases at a constant temperature

A

Vapor pressure

From molecules hitting walls of container

58
Q

Vapor pressure is dependent on……

A

Characteristics of liquid
Temperature of liquid

59
Q

Vapor pressure is_________ of atmospheric pressure

A

Independent of atmospheric pressure

60
Q

Gas phase above liquid contains all the vapor it can hold

A

Saturation

61
Q

Pressure exerted by vapor is ______

A

“saturated vapor pressure (SVP)”

62
Q

Halothane trade name and vp

A

fluothane
243

63
Q

Enflurane trade name and vp

A

Ethrane
175

64
Q

Isoflurane trade name and vp

A

forane
238

65
Q

Desflurane trade name and vp

A

suprane
669

66
Q

Sevoflurane trade name and vp

A

Ultane
157

67
Q

Temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure

A

Boiling points

68
Q

the number of calories necessary to convert 1G of liquid into vapor (or 1ml of liquid to vapor)

A

Heat of vaporization

69
Q

As carrier gas flows through vaporizer, vapor molecules leave»»>

A

Equilibrium shifts…more molecules in liquid state-> Liquid temperature drops causing vapor pressure to drop. Output of vapor decreases

70
Q

Specific Heat

A

Number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1degree C

71
Q

The_____ the specific heat, the ______ temp of the substance

A

The higher the specific heat, the more heat required to raise the temp of the substance

72
Q

What is the standard for specific heat

A

Water is the standard….1cal/g

73
Q

What to Considered when choosing material for vaporizer

A

How much heat must be supplied
Materials with higher specific heat minimize temperature variations

74
Q

The ‘speed’ at which heat flows through a substance

A

Thermal Conductivity

75
Q

The ______ the thermal conductivity, the______ the substance conducts heat

A

The higher the thermal conductivity, the better the substance conducts heat

76
Q

Metals with______ thermal conductivity______ temperature swings during vaporization

A

Metals with high thermal conductivity minimize temperature swings during vaporization

77
Q

Metals with best thermal conductivity

A

Copper
Aluminum

78
Q

What is the vaporizer made of

A

copper or aluminum

79
Q

A device that changes a liquid anesthetic agent to a vapor

A

Vaporizers

adds a controlled amount of that vapor to fresh gas flow in the breathing system

80
Q

Vaporizer Design

A

Concentration-calibrated, variable bypass

variable; some goes to the vapo and some goes by it (splitting ratio)

81
Q

Vaporizer is located ________

A

Located between flow meter and common gas outlet

82
Q

Vaporizer may not be_______

A

May not be past common gas outlet

83
Q

Vaporizers are not calibrated for_____

A

Are not calibrated for high flows of oxygen flush

84
Q

“Method of regulating concentration of volatile from vaporizer”

A

Variable Bypass Vaporizers

Vaporizer dilutes saturated vapor by splitting gas flow

85
Q

Ratio depends on size of adjustable orifice

A

”splitting ratio”

86
Q

Variable Bypass Vaporizers types

A

”Flow-over” vs “bubble-through”

87
Q

Splitting ratio changes as temperature changes

A

Manual or automatic temperature compensation

88
Q

Fix for incorrect agent

A

Must be completely drained and all liquid discarded
FGF run until no vapor is detected
Should see monitor detect 2 vapors

89
Q

At low flow rates ________

A

(<250ml/min)
Output < setting
High density of volatile prevents upward movement of molecules (less likely to move from liquid to gas form)

90
Q

At high flow rates_______

A

(>15L/min)
Vapor Output < setting
Failure to saturate carrier gas

91
Q

Intermittent back pressure pumping effect with……

A

Positive pressure ventilation
Oxygen flush valve

92
Q

Pumping effect is more pronounced with ______ (3)

A

Low flow rates
Low dial settings
Low levels of liquid in vaporizing chamber

93
Q

Measures to attenuate pumping effect (4)

A

Smaller vaporizing chambers
Baffle systems
Longer tube for the inlet of vaporizing chamber
Addition of check valve

94
Q

High FGF effect on rebreathing

A

little exhaled gas rebreathed
Inspired concentration = vaporizer setting

95
Q

Low FGF or high Vm effect on breathing

A

significant rebreathing
Difference between vaporizer setting and inspired concentration

96
Q

vapor pressure is _______ of barometric pressure

A

vapor pressure is independent of barometric pressure

97
Q

Vaporizers are calculated at_______

A

sea level

98
Q

If altitude increases how does that affect the anesthetic delivery

A

Volumes % of volatile ↑ significantly in vaporizer
Partial pressures of gases changes lesser
…anesthetic depth is partial pressure in BRAIN

99
Q

How does tipping affect the vaporizers?

A

Excessive liquid enters bypass chamber

Excessively high output

100
Q

What isolates vaporizer and bypass chamber

A

Some Drager vaporizers
“transport dial”…isolates vaporizer and bypass chamber

101
Q

Effects of overfilling

A

Liquid can enter bypass chamber
Excessive dose delivered to patient

Modern vaporizers
Design prevents overfilling
Overflow hole

102
Q

What can cause leaks in the vaporizer? (3)

A

Loose filler caps
Drain valves
Vaporizer/mounting bracket interface

103
Q

Signs of leak from vaporizer (3)

A

-Odor of gas
-Lower than expected inhaled concentration (Fi)

Consequences
-Patient awareness

104
Q

Average concentrations of vaporizers

A

Average concentrations +/- 20% of setting

105
Q

Output of vaporizer______ OFF

A

Output of vaporizer <0.05% in OFF

106
Q

All control knobs on vaporizer are ______

A

counterclockwise

107
Q

Vaporizer Standards (6)

A

Average concentrations +/- 20% of setting

Gas may not pass through more than 1 vaporizer

Output of vaporizer <0.05% in OFF

All control knobs counterclockwise

Filling levels displayed

Can’t overfill when in use

108
Q

Vaporizer Mounting Standards (4)

A

Detachable
Locking lever on back
Easily removed and replaced (esp. for MH)
Locks easily stick and jam

109
Q

What makes the seal on the mounting bracket?

A

Weight of vaporizer and “O” ring create seal

110
Q

Prevents more than 1 vaporizer from being turned ON at a time

A

Interlock Device

Principles (34 decks)

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