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Principles > Peripheral anatomy; upper > Flashcards

Peripheral anatomy; upper Flashcards

1
Q

Rostral

A

front and on top

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2
Q

Caudal

A

posterior and back portion of the body. Something in the rear.

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3
Q

Cephalad

A

upper front and is used to describe something superior and anterior / front/ top portion of the body.

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4
Q

sensory and peripheral. Peripheral from the cns and covers sensory information. Sensory in nature

A

Cutaneous

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5
Q

Bundles of neurons/ axons outside the CNS

A

nerves

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6
Q

Budneldes of neurons inside the CNS

A

Tracts

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7
Q

collection of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

A

Ganglia

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8
Q

collection of cell bodies within the CNS

A

Nuclei

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9
Q

CNS -> periphery

A

rootlets-> root-> spinal ganglia -> spinal nerve -> ramus -> trunk -> divisions -> cords -> nerves

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10
Q

when we have a junction of the posterior and anterior root.

A

spinal nerve

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11
Q

What information comes from the front of the sc

A

Front of the SC= Carries motor or efferent output

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12
Q

What information comes from the back of the sc

A

Back of the SC = connects to sensory system = afferent part of the cns.

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13
Q

Anterior ramus gets information from the cns to the sympathetic ganglion chain by _____

A

rami communicans

white and gray

gray is more proximal

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14
Q

Spinal nerve projections in the sacrum split into two parts_______ and

A

The posterior part of the posterior ramus division on the spinal nerve goes out the back of the sacral foramen
The anterior part; comes out the openings at the front of the sacrum foramen

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15
Q

Left sympathetic chain features

A

further posterior and lateral than the R sympathetic chain because we have a large blood vessel (the aorta) that sits on the L side of the vertebral bodies, and during development that pushes the L spinal ganglia more lateral and posterior compared to the R side of the spine.

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16
Q

Branches of the posterior rami

A

lateral
and medial branches

mostly sensory

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17
Q

Anterior ramus branches

A

lateral cutaneous branches
anterior cutaneous branches

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18
Q

Other name for the anterior ramus

A

intercostal nerve

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19
Q

Where are the intercostal nerves positioned?

A

hang out on the inferior side of the rib thats above them.

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20
Q

Term for nerves below the rib cage

A

subcostal branches

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21
Q

C1 name

A

atlas

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22
Q

C2

A

Axis

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23
Q

Cervical nerves #

A

8 spinal nerves

C1 sn comes off above c1 vert

C8 sn comes off below C7 vert

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24
Q

Position of spinal nerves and vertebrae in thoracic, lumbar and sacral nerves

A

pinal nerve tends to exit below the spinal vertebrae for which its names

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25
Q

Coccygeal nerves number and origination

A

1 pair that originate below the saccrum

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26
Q

Spinal nerve pairs

A

8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

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27
Q

Lateral branch of the Posterior rami innervation area

A

lower thorax/ upper lumbar area

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28
Q

T4 innervation

A

Nipple line

29
Q

T6 innervation

A

xiphoid process

30
Q

T10 innervation

A

umbilicus

31
Q

Phrenic nerve spinal nerves

A

C345 anterior rami

32
Q

Greater occipital nerve spinal nerve

A

C2

33
Q

3rd occipital nerve spinal nerve

A

c3

34
Q

What nerve is not part of the cutaneous innervation of the body

A

C1 is only motor -> suboccipital nerve

35
Q

the trapezius muscle is innervated by what nerve?

A

Cn 11 the accessory nerve

36
Q

C1 posterior ramus forms the _____

A

suboccipital nerve; motor only

37
Q

Greater occipital nerve is innervated by the _____ ramus at _____

A

Greater occipital nerve is innervated by the Posterior ramus at C2

38
Q

3rd occipital nerve comes from the ____ ramus of _____

A

3rd occipital nerve comes from the posterior ramus of C3

39
Q

collection of spinal nerves that are connected to each other, the part doing the connecting is the anterior rami in the c spine

A

cervical plexus

40
Q

the nerves that make us the cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital nerve
great auriclular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
supraclavicular nerve

41
Q

origin of the supraclavicular nerve

A

C3 and C4

42
Q

origin of the transverse cervical nerve is

A

C2 and C3

43
Q

origin of the Great auricular nerve

A

C2 and C3

44
Q

origin of the lesser occipital nerve

A

C2

45
Q

The muscle that the phrenic nerve sits on is the _____. The skm its next to is the ________muscle and is more_____ and______ to the anterior scalene muscle.

A

The muscle that the phrenic nerve sits on is the anterior scalene muscle. The skm its next to is the middle scalene muscle and is more lateral and posterior to the anterior scalene muscle.

46
Q

Under the cervical plexus is another muscle of nerves that have places that they come together and differentiate and that complex of the different spinal nerves is the______

A

brachial plexus

47
Q

Spinal nerves apart of the brachial plexus are____

A

C5-T1 anterior rami

48
Q

Space between the middle and anterior spinal muscles is the____

A

interscalene space

49
Q

Structures above the clavicle are termed____

A

subraclavular structures consist of the anterior rami of the spinal nerve C5- T1

50
Q

Upper trunk origin

A

C5-C6

51
Q

Middle trunk origin

A

C7

52
Q

Lower trunk origin

A

C8 and T1

53
Q

Posterior division originates from____

A

all the trunks (middle, anterior, lower) branch to form posterior divisions. There for comes from C5-T1

54
Q

Posterior division leads to____

A

the posterior cord

55
Q

What are the two anterior divisions and where do they comes from

A

Anterior division of C5-C7; upper and middle trunk
Anterior division of C8-T1; comes from the lower trunk

56
Q

anterior division of C5-C7 leads to ______

A

Lateral cord

57
Q

Anterior division of C8-T1 leads to ____

A

medial cord

58
Q

Rami, tranks and divisions of the brachial plexus

A

5 Rami: C5-T1
3 Trunks:
Upper: Rami C5 & C6
Middle: C7 Rami
Lower: C8 & T1 Rami
6 Divisions: Anterior & Posterior
Each Trunk has 1 of each
3 Posterior Divisions form Posterior Cord
2 Anterior Divisions from C5-C7 form Lateral Cord
Anterior Division from C8-T1 forms Medial Cord

59
Q

Demarcation point between the superior clavular branches and the infraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus

A

When the divisions become cords

60
Q

What does the posterior cord form?

A

axillary nerve and the radial nerve

61
Q

What are the terminal main branches of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary and radial nerve

62
Q

What does the lateral cord branch to?

A

musculocutaneous nerve
lateral root (combines with medial root to make median nerve)

63
Q

what does the medial cord form?

A

divides into the medial root that combines with the lateral root from the lateral cord to make the median nerve

also makes the ulnar nerve

64
Q

where does the axillary nerve originate from and where does it innervate

A

C5 and C6

lateral deltoid

65
Q

where does the radial nerve originate from and where does it innervate

A

C5-T1

lateral superior thum
lateral anterior icaep/ triceps

lateral posterior triceps
middle posterior forearm
posterior thumb and 1st two fingers

66
Q

where does the musculocutaneous nerve originate from and where does it innervate

A

C5-C7

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous on anterior forearm
small lateral posterior portion

67
Q

where does the ulnar nerve originate from and where does it innervate

A

originates from c7-t1

medial posterior wrist
most of the last two fingers posterior

anterior medial plamar surface of last two fingers
anterior medial wrist

68
Q

where does the median nerve originate from and where does it innervate

A

c6-T1

posterior fingertips for first two digits
proper palmar digital nerves
most of the palm, anterior thumb, anterior surface f the first two fingers, small section of the anterior wrist
palmar branch of median nerve
common and proper plmar digital nerves

Principles (34 decks)

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