Anesthesia Machines Flashcards by Mary Munoz

Who Oversees standards of anesthesia machine?

American Society for Testing and Materials

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If the master switch is on….. (2)

Pneumatic and electrical functions
Activates alarms and safety features

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If the master switch is off the only things that work are….. (3)

Battery charger
Electrical outlets
The oxygen flush valve is active

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Power Failure Indicator

Newer machines have 1 backup source for all components (battery)

Keep machine plugged in- to keep batter charging.

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If having to use the backup battery what drains the battery the most?

Ventilator -> hand bag to conserve battery

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What is the hospital backup

red outlets

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Intended to power ANESTHESIA monitor

Electrical outlets (on machine)

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Other appliances should be plugged into……

hospital main

If requirements exceed outlet; circuit breaker will activate

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3 parts of pneumatic system

High pressure

Intermediate pressure

Low pressure

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Receives gases from cylinders at high variable pressure

High pressure system;

cylinders
pressure release valve
check valves

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Purpose of the high pressure system

reduces to lower, more constant pressure suitable for use in machine

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Hanger yokes ensure______

Ensures a unidirectional flow

Required to have a least 1 yoke for oxygen and 1 for nitrous

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Hanger yoke parts

Body- principal framework
Retaining screw- tightens cylinder (clamp)
Nipple- thru which gas enters machine
Index pins- prevents attaching an incorrect cylinder (PISS)
Washer- forms seal between cylinder and yoke
Check valve assembly- ensures unidirectional flow

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Prevents gas from exiting machine when there is no cylinder in yoke

Check valve assembly

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check valves assesmbly Prevents gas from being transferred from a cylinder with higher pressure to one with lower pressure if…..

if both are in a yoke and ON

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Also called reducing valves

Pressure Regulators

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Purpose of the pressure regulators (2)

Reduces high, variable pressure in cylinders to lower constant pressure for machine

Regulator required for each gas supplied by cylinder

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Without reducing valves……

provider would have to constantly adjust flowmeter to provide constant flow

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If master switch is OFF, intermediate pressure system pressure……..

is 0

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Receives gases from the pressure regulator or pipeline

Intermediate pressure system

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regulator and pipeline pressure

(45 psi cylinder regulator) (50-55 psi pipeline (wall))—–more than that is too high to deliver to patients. stay below these numbers.

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Intermediate pressure system includes…..(6)

Pneumatic part of master switch
Pipeline inlet connections and indicators
Piping
Oxygen pressure failure devices
Oxygen flush valve
Flow control valves

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Entry point for gases from pipelines

Pipeline Inlet Connections (in the intermediate pressure system)

Pipeline Inlet connections are fitted with ______

DISS

require oxygen, nitrous and most have air

Pipeline Inlet Connections must contain________

Must contain unidirectional check valve to prevent gas returning to pipeline

Pipeline Pressure Indicators (4)

Indicator required for each gas monitored Usually found on front of anesthesia machine Digital or newer machines have LED Indicator must be on pipeline side….if downstream and cylinder valve open, adequate pressure reading until cylinder is 0

Connects components inside machine in the intermediate pressure system

piping

Piping must be able to........and leaks must not exceed.......

Must be able to withstand 4x intended pressure (200 PSI) Leaks must not exceed 25ml/min inside machine

if oxygen pressure is reduced (30 psi)..... (5)

Decreases or discontinues nitrous Maintains 19% O2 concentration at common gas outlet Continues until oxygen flow ceases Simulated in machine check… oxygen failure alarm will sound within 5 seconds

Receives oxygen from pipeline inlet or cylinder pressure regulator

Oxygen Flush Sends O2 to common gas outlet

Oxygen Flush must be (5)

Operable with 1 hand Single purpose Self-closing Designed to minimize accidental use Have flow between 35-75 L/min

Hazards of Oxygen Flush (3)

May stick on May cause barotrauma May cause awareness

Regulate flow of oxygen, air, and other gases

Flow Adjustment Control

Oxygen flow knob must be _______

fluted and larger than other gases (looks and feels different)

Downstream of flow control devices

Low Pressure System flow meters are breaking point

Low pressure system pressures are......and depend on .....

Pressure is slightly above atmospheric and variable Depends on flow from flowmeters and backpressure from breathing circuit

Low Pressure System includes (5)

Flowmeters Hypoxia prevention devices Unidirectional valves Pressure relief devices Common gas outlet

Indicate rate that gas is passing through

Flowmeters

Flowmeters design (5)

Thorpe tube- vertical glass tube Smallest diameter at bottom Free floating indicator A stop at top of tube A flow scale

Flowmeteres empties into______

Empties into a common manifold to deliver gases

Flowmeter Sequence

Normal gas flow bottom-top and left-right

Standard requires oxygen flowmeter to be placed on _____ side

right

Machine manufacturers and sequence

drager; nitrous, air, oxygen Ohmeda; air, nitrous, oxygen

Mandatory Minimum Oxygen Flow

Minimum of 50-250 ml/min flow (always) Activated when master switch ON

Minimum Oxygen Ratio

Uses mechanical linkage with nitrous Link engages when oxygen conc. 25% cant turn nitrous up anymore without turning up the oxygen

Hypoxia Prevention Devices

Mandatory Minimum Oxygen Flow Minimum Oxygen Ratio

Unidirectional valves are located.....

Located between vaporizer and common gas outlet Upstream from oxygen flush valve

Lessens back pressure from flush or breathing circuit

Unidirectional Valves

Opens to atmosphere and vents if preset pressure is exceeded

Pressure Relief Devices

Pressure relief devices are located....

Near common gas outlet

pressure relief devices and jet venilator

Limits ability of machine to provide adequate pressure for jet ventilation- instead to

Receives all gases from machine and delivers mixture circuit

Common Gas Outlet

common gas outlet must be....

Must be difficult to disconnect

Common Gas Outlet should not be used for....

Should not be used for supplemental oxygen Delay in emergencies Potential delivery of inhalational agents

Delivers oxygen in case of electronic power failure

Alternative Oxygen Control

Cylinder pressure indicator (4)

Must be present for each gas supplied by cylinders Increase pressure straightens curve Falling pressure causes curve to redevelop Motion is transmitted to gauge

Gauge required to be calibrated in ______

Gauge required to be calibrated in kilopascals (kPa) may also be PSI