CXrays

Question 1

What dz process may not be detected on xray

Answer 1

asthma

Question 2

Overexposure causes a film to

Answer 2

be too dark

Question 3

Underexposure causes the film to be

Answer 3

quite white

Question 4

Breast tissue absorbs some of the x-ray beam, essentially causing

Answer 4

underexposure of the tissues in the path

Question 5

heart will be magnified on an _____ projection

Answer 5

anterior to posterior

This is because in the AP projection, the heart is farther from the film and the x-ray beam diverges/scatters as it goes farther from the tube.

Question 6

Pleural effusions are best seen when the pt is in the _____ position because _______

Answer 6

upright position because that small pleural effusions tend to run down into the normally deep costophrenic angles.

Question 7

When standing, most adults can easily take an inspiration that brings the domes of the hemidiaphragms down to the level of the _______

Answer 7

10th posterior rib

Question 8

When sitting down, often the diaphgragm level is between

Answer 8

the eighth and tenth ribs.

Question 9

What is considered a hypoinflated chest?

Answer 9

If the radiograph has the domes of the diaphragms at the seventh posterior ribs, the chest should be considered hypoinflated, and you need to be very careful before diagnosing basilar pneumonia or cardiomegaly.

Question 10

Systemic observation of a chest x ray

Answer 10

Are There Many Lung Lesions

Abdomen
Thorax
Mediastinum
Individual Lungs
Bilateral lungs (laterality)

Question 11

sign of a pneumothorax or increased intrathoracic pressure

Answer 11

deep sulcus sign

= pushes the diaphragm down and flattens out

Question 12

What does the L on the x ray mean?

Answer 12

pts L side

Question 13

Heart should be no larger than ______

Answer 13

Heart should be no larger than 1/3 of the chest diameter

2/3 to the left and 1/3 to the right

Question 14

pneumothorax in an upright pt is seen ______

Answer 14

air goes superior/ axillae if pt is upright

Question 15

what is the term for the lung root

Answer 15

hilum

is the shadow of pulmonary artery and vein adjacent the heart shadow.

Question 16

When is the pleura seen?

Answer 16

air trapping between the walls and the chest or the mediastinum and the lungs themselves

Question 17

Poor inspiration results in _____

Answer 17

Poor inspiration results in high diaphragms and crowding of normal lung markings.

Question 18

Over- or under-penetration of the x-ray beam can _______

Answer 18

Over- or under-penetration of the x-ray beam can obliterat or exaggerate important findings.

Question 19

On a properly-penetrated PA chest radiograph, one can just make out the_______

Answer 19

On a properly-penetrated PA chest radiograph, one can just make out the thoracic vertebrae overlying the image of the heart.

Question 20

The right upper lobe (RUL) occupies the upper

Answer 20

The right upper lobe (RUL) occupies the upper 1/3 of the right lung.

Question 21

Posteriorly, the RUL is adjacent to_____

Answer 21

Posteriorly, the RUL is adjacent to the first three to five ribs.

Question 22

Anteriorly, the RUL extends inferiorly as far as the _____

Answer 22

Anteriorly, the RUL extends inferiorly as far as the 4th right anterior rib

Question 23

On the R side what is the smallest lobe?

Answer 23

RML narrowest near the hilum (give pizza shape)

Question 24

largest of all three R lobes

Answer 24

RLL

Question 25

Posteriorly, the RLL extend as far superiorly as the

Answer 25

Posteriorly, the RLL extend as far superiorly as the 6th thoracic vertebral body, and extends inferiorly to the diaphragm.

Question 26

Major fissue separates

Answer 26

Between the RUL and the RLL

Question 27

minor fissure separates

Answer 27

RUL from the RML

Question 28

the major fissure extends posteriorly and superiorly approximately to the ______

Answer 28

Oriented obliquely, the major fissure extends posteriorly and superiorly approximately to the level of the fourth vertebral body.

Question 29

Which lobe on the L is the most anterior?

Answer 29

LUL

Question 30

air bronchogram sign

Answer 30

Visualization of air in the intrapulmonary bronchi

Its presence indicates abnormal lung (ie consolidation). With consolidated lung, pulmonary vessels are no longer visualized because they are surrounded by other soft tissue density material.

Question 31

Alveolar space filled with inflammatory exudate

Answer 31

Lobar consolidation

Question 32

the most common cause for lobar consolidation

Answer 32

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 33

Radiological signs of obstructive atelectasis

Answer 33

Density corresponding to a segment or lobe
Significant loss of volume
Compensatory hyperinflation of normal lungs

Question 34

Ideally the central line catheter tip should lie between

Answer 34

Ideally the catheter tip should lie between the most proximal venous valves of the subclavian or jugular veins and the right atrium.

Question 35

lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis

Answer 35

Ghon’s complex

The lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and an associated lymph node.

Question 36

Bat wing sign seen on x ray indicates

Answer 36

pulmonary edema due to CHF

Question 37

Intra op things that bring on wide spread pulmonary edema

Answer 37

Negative pressure pulm edema and large volume resuscitation

Question 38

large intestine in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray

Answer 38

Chilaiditi sign

Question 39

TB usually starts in the ____ and looks like____

Answer 39

starts in the hilum and looks like stretched out cotton balls on X ray

Question 40

Ghons complex

Answer 40

lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis. The lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and an associated lymph node