CXrays Flashcards
What dz process may not be detected on xray
asthma
Overexposure causes a film to
be too dark
Underexposure causes the film to be
quite white
Breast tissue absorbs some of the x-ray beam, essentially causing
underexposure of the tissues in the path
heart will be magnified on an _____ projection
anterior to posterior
This is because in the AP projection, the heart is farther from the film and the x-ray beam diverges/scatters as it goes farther from the tube.
Pleural effusions are best seen when the pt is in the _____ position because _______
upright position because that small pleural effusions tend to run down into the normally deep costophrenic angles.
When standing, most adults can easily take an inspiration that brings the domes of the hemidiaphragms down to the level of the _______
10th posterior rib
When sitting down, often the diaphgragm level is between
the eighth and tenth ribs.
What is considered a hypoinflated chest?
If the radiograph has the domes of the diaphragms at the seventh posterior ribs, the chest should be considered hypoinflated, and you need to be very careful before diagnosing basilar pneumonia or cardiomegaly.
Systemic observation of a chest x ray
Are There Many Lung Lesions
Abdomen
Thorax
Mediastinum
Individual Lungs
Bilateral lungs (laterality)
sign of a pneumothorax or increased intrathoracic pressure
deep sulcus sign
= pushes the diaphragm down and flattens out
What does the L on the x ray mean?
pts L side
Heart should be no larger than ______
Heart should be no larger than 1/3 of the chest diameter
2/3 to the left and 1/3 to the right
pneumothorax in an upright pt is seen ______
air goes superior/ axillae if pt is upright
what is the term for the lung root
hilum
is the shadow of pulmonary artery and vein adjacent the heart shadow.
When is the pleura seen?
air trapping between the walls and the chest or the mediastinum and the lungs themselves
Poor inspiration results in _____
Poor inspiration results in high diaphragms and crowding of normal lung markings.
Over- or under-penetration of the x-ray beam can _______
Over- or under-penetration of the x-ray beam can obliterat or exaggerate important findings.
On a properly-penetrated PA chest radiograph, one can just make out the_______
On a properly-penetrated PA chest radiograph, one can just make out the thoracic vertebrae overlying the image of the heart.
The right upper lobe (RUL) occupies the upper
The right upper lobe (RUL) occupies the upper 1/3 of the right lung.
Posteriorly, the RUL is adjacent to_____
Posteriorly, the RUL is adjacent to the first three to five ribs.
Anteriorly, the RUL extends inferiorly as far as the _____
Anteriorly, the RUL extends inferiorly as far as the 4th right anterior rib
On the R side what is the smallest lobe?
RML narrowest near the hilum (give pizza shape)
largest of all three R lobes
RLL
Posteriorly, the RLL extend as far superiorly as the
Posteriorly, the RLL extend as far superiorly as the 6th thoracic vertebral body, and extends inferiorly to the diaphragm.
Major fissue separates
Between the RUL and the RLL
minor fissure separates
RUL from the RML
the major fissure extends posteriorly and superiorly approximately to the ______
Oriented obliquely, the major fissure extends posteriorly and superiorly approximately to the level of the fourth vertebral body.
Which lobe on the L is the most anterior?
LUL
air bronchogram sign
Visualization of air in the intrapulmonary bronchi
Its presence indicates abnormal lung (ie consolidation). With consolidated lung, pulmonary vessels are no longer visualized because they are surrounded by other soft tissue density material.
Alveolar space filled with inflammatory exudate
Lobar consolidation
the most common cause for lobar consolidation
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Radiological signs of obstructive atelectasis
Density corresponding to a segment or lobe
Significant loss of volume
Compensatory hyperinflation of normal lungs
Ideally the central line catheter tip should lie between
Ideally the catheter tip should lie between the most proximal venous valves of the subclavian or jugular veins and the right atrium.
lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis
Ghon’s complex
The lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and an associated lymph node.
Bat wing sign seen on x ray indicates
pulmonary edema due to CHF
Intra op things that bring on wide spread pulmonary edema
Negative pressure pulm edema and large volume resuscitation
large intestine in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray
Chilaiditi sign
TB usually starts in the ____ and looks like____
starts in the hilum and looks like stretched out cotton balls on X ray
Ghons complex
lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis. The lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and an associated lymph node
