Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography GCSE 11s1 > UK Human > Flashcards

UK Human Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
World Geography flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards
1
Q 
(London)CBD:
Function
Building age variation
Building density
Land use
Environmental quality
A
  • Offices and businesses
  • Often the oldest part of the city, however Canary Wharf is very modern
  • Most densely built part of the city
  • Land use and value are high
  • A number of Royal Parks, but the air quality is poor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
(London)Inner city:
Function
Building age variation 
Building density
Land use
Environmental quality
A
  • Used to be factories, however is now mainly housing
  • The houses date back to the age of the factories
  • Houses are small and laid out in a grid pattern
  • Mostly used for houses with very little green space
  • Some areas are vey run down with poor environmental quality, whereas some have better environmental quality than others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
(London)Suburbs:
Function
Building age variation 
Building density
Land use
Environmental quality
A
  • Most expensive places to live, popular with families
  • Most houses date back to the early 20th century
  • The further out you go, the less dense it is
  • Mostly used for houses with some green spaces
  • Good air quality due to open spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
(London)URF:
Function
Building age variation 
Building density
Land use
Environmental quality
A
  • Mainly residential with some industry
  • Most houses built in the late 20th century
  • Low building density
  • Mostly residential with some industry
  • Good air quality due to lot of open space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

London:

  • Site
  • Situation
  • Connectivity
A
  • On the River Thames, ideal for a port
  • Very close to the rest of Europe, able to trade with many different time zones in the same day
  • Regional:
    • Most motorways and A-roads lead to London
    • M25 ring road around London
  • National:
    • The U.K’s fastest rail networks all link London to other U.K cities
    • Domestic flights to and from London
  • International:
    • Has 6 international airports including Heathrow, the second busiest in the world
    • Has the Eurostar connecting London to Paris and Brussels
    • Received 31.5m tourists in 2015 and 3.3m business visitors in 2014
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is inequality?

A

The differences in access to services and income as well as major all round differences between two areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is deprivation?

A

A lack of wealth and services. Usually means low standards of living caused by low income, poor health and lack of education and qualifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Newham vs Richmond:
Income and employment
Education
Health

A

Newham:
26% of adults educated to degree level
62% of students DO NOT get 5 A* to Cs at GCSE
210 premature (before 65) deaths per 100k. 12.3% of people living with a long term illness

Richmond:
64% of adults educated to degree level
63% of students DO NOT get 5 A* to Cs at GCSE
121 premature deaths per 100k. 7.6% living with long term illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

Due to containerisation, the number of industry jobs have reduced since they have moved away from the CBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is depopulation?

A

Since jobs have moved away from the CBD, people and their families have moved away in search of jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is suburbanisation?

A

People decided to move away from the crowded city for more spacious areas in the outer city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is decentralisation?

A

Shopping centres moved away from the center of London to attract shoppers, which means that shopping activity also moves away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is E-commerce?

A

Shoppers shop more and more online, which negatively impacts local businesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is transport?

A

Transport allows people to quickly and cheaply move from the inner-city to out of town areas which increases suburbanisation and decentralisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is regeneration?

A

The rebuilding of old areas by updating the transport and commerce and by adding new jobs, services and housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is rebranding?

A

Changing the theme of an area through marketing it and renaming it. This is hoped to improve the image of the area to encourage people to go there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the benefits of regeneration and rebranding in E.London?

A
  • 9,000 new homes will be built, providing more affordable housing in the area, benefiting first time buyers
  • 12,000 permanent jobs will be created
  • Stratford will become a very connected station
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the problems of regeneration and rebranding in E.London?

A
  • Newham has the largest property price rises
  • Traditional businesses have closed
  • Old communities were broken up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What transport schemes have been put into place to try and improve sustainability in London?

A
  • The congestion charge makes it more expensive for people to drive into the city which encourages more people to use public transport, reducing congestion and emissions
  • Electric car charging points and low emission zones encourages more people to buy and use electric cars, reducing emissions
  • Public transport is cheaper and more convenient than driving which encourages more people to use it, reducing congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the Bed Zed scheme try and improve sustainability in London?

A

The houses are very energy efficient and are self-sustaining which all contribute to the very low emissions they have which help massively to combat sustainability

21
Q

What is gentrification?

A

When wealthy people move into a run down area and start to re generate and improve the area

22
Q

What is studentification?

A

Areas around universities have lots of students and these students and they invest in the local economy and improve it

23
Q

Why are people moving to East Devon?

A
  • Land costs are cheaper
  • Office space is 10x cheaper than in London
  • London is very accesible with 42 trains per hour as well as regional flights and the M5 motorway connecting the two
24
Q

What is population change like in East Devon?

A
  • Devon gained 5000 migrants from the U.K in 2014 alone
  • 40% of new arrivals in Devon go to East Devon
  • It is mainly retired people moving to Devon, however there are a lot of families as well
25
Q

How has a growing population in East Devon put pressure on housing?

A
  • The growing population means that more housing is needed
  • It is hard to get planning permission to build in Devon as 2/3 of it is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)
  • The average income in Devon is 10% lower than the average UK income, however house prices are only 3% lower
26
Q

How has a growing population in East Devon increased leisure and recreation activities?

A
  • There are lots of tourist spots in Devon from the coastlines to Dartmoor national park
  • There are roughly 25 million day trips to these places annually
  • The high number of day trips puts pressure on roads and increases pollution
27
Q

What are the housing challenges that rural areas around London face?

A
  • Affordability: house prices in Sevenoaks are much higher than the U.K average
  • Demand: High house prices create a high demand for affordable homes
  • Young people: Young people find it hard to find homes as their incomes are often very low
28
Q

What are the employment challenges that rural areas around London face?

A

-A decline in primary and secondary sector jobs e.g. farming and fishing means that some areas do not have a full time workforce. E.g. in Kent, manufacturing jobs have declined by 30% since 1998

29
Q

What healthcare challenges do rural areas around London face?

A
  • Ageing populations require more healthcare and specialised facilities e.g. nursing homes
  • G.P surgeries in rural areas are threatened by closure e.g. West Kingsdown surgery
30
Q

What education and transport challenges do rural areas around London face?

A
  • There is a declining number of pupils in rural areas which results in the closure of schools. E.g. Edenbridge has no secondary school
  • Public transport gets worse in rural areas as fewer people are using it
31
Q

Why have supermarkets been bad for farmers?

A

-Supermarkets force farmers to sell their goods very cheaply as they can buy foreign goods for a lot less, resulting in many farmers just getting by

32
Q

What is diversification?

A

When farmers find alternative ways to make money through farm based activities or by setting up businesses e.g. farm shops

33
Q

Farm shops diversification

A
  • Stanhill farm in Wilmington Kent, sells produce from the farm and local area
  • The land continues to be farmed and more varieties of crops are grown which is more environmentally friendly than monoculture
34
Q

Accommodation diversification

A
  • Tanner Farm Park in Kent has turned some of its land into a caravan and camping park
  • These put more pressure on the natural environment and are often unsightly
35
Q

Leisure activities diversification

A
  • The Hop Farm in Kent has an animal petting area, children’s rides and places to eat
  • Farm Land is built on to create these areas, and traffic and pollution increase due to the increase in visitors
36
Q

Why do Urban Cores have a younger population?

A
  • People live in urban areas to be close to their jobs, and the work force is younger
  • Older people move out if cities to retire
37
Q

Why do some rural areas have high levels of poverty?

A
  • Some rural areas struggle to grow economically
  • Periphery areas of the UK provide no employment opportunities so people leave causing de-population
  • De-population leads to a lack of services
  • Areas that used to have industry now have high levels of unemployment
38
Q

Urban economic activities:

A
  • 60% of a cities hobs are found in the urban core and the urban core has a higher concentration of economic activity
  • The main employment opportunities are in the tertiary sector and manufacturing
  • There are more jobs in the city and the jobs are higher paid
39
Q

Rural economic activities:

A
  • Rural areas have fewer job opportunities and they are mainly in the primary sector
  • Some areas have a second tourist industry
  • Some rural areas may have become commuter settlements
40
Q

How does creating enterprise zones reduce differences in wealth?

A
  • The government makes these zones more attractive, e.g. lower taxes and improved infrastructure
    • These encourage companies to relocate to these areas that often have high levels of un-employment
    • E.g. Dorset Green enterprise zone has two high tech companies and hopes to attract 55 businesses and 2K jobs
41
Q

How does transport reduce differences in wealth?

A

Better transport links and easier travel attracts businesses and people rural and under developed areas

42
Q

How do regional development zones reduce differences in wealth?

A
  • Funding to promote growth and development in rural areas attracts businesses and employees creating jobs for the local area
  • The common agricultural policy ensures that farmers can make a living off of farming by providing assistance, training and subsidies for farmers
43
Q

What is the distribution of people like in the UK?

A
  • Older people move to costal and rural areas when they retire
  • Most international and young regional migrants move to major cities
44
Q

What is the age structure like in the U.K?

A
  • Large numbers of migrants increase the population in that age range (20-29)
  • Migration increases the birth rate
45
Q

What is diversity like in the U.K?

A
  • Due ro large amounts of migration, the U.K has large amounts of Black, Asian and E.European influences
  • After WW2, the government encouraged commonwealth migrants to fill job shortages
46
Q

Why have primary sector jobs declined?

A
  • Farming has become more mechanised, so fewer people are needed
  • Mining has declined due to cheap imports and alternative fuels
  • Many major factories have closed in the 1990’s and 2000’s
47
Q

Why have secondary sector jobs declined?

A
  • Mainly due to cheaper imports of manufactured goods

- Many major factories closed in the 1990’s and 2000’s

48
Q

Why have tertiary and quaternary sector jobs increased?

A
  • Th sectors take advantage of the UK’s large amount of skilled University graduates
  • Cheaper areas of the U.K, e.g. South Wales attract private investors and many and many new companies choose ti set up in those areas
49
Q

Why is FDI in the U.K growing because of:

  • Globalisation
  • Free trade
  • Privatisation
  • TNCs
A
  • Transport and communication links have improved, meaning it is easier to operate in the U.K
  • London has developed a global financial sector
  • Free trade attracts investors
  • Services run by the U.K government have been bought by foreign firms, e.g. Scottish power is owned by a Spanish Energy company
  • TNCs provide lots of jobs to people in the U.K and large scale projects are invested in by TNCs

Geography GCSE 11s1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions