Component 2 - EQ2

Question 1

What are hard rock coasts?

Answer 1

Coasts that are made up of resistant rocks like granite and limestone. These erode slower that soft rock coasts

Question 2

What are soft rock coasts?

Answer 2

Coasts that are made up of less resistant rocks like shakes and clays. These erode a lot quicker than than hard rock coasts

Question 3

What are some concordant coast features?

Answer 3

The rock layers are parallel to the coast. Have coves. Can be featureless. Made up of shales and clays with a layer of resistant limestone.

Question 4

What are some discordant coastline features?

Answer 4

They are unusual coastlines that have headlines and bays. Resistant sandstone and limestone often make up these coastlines. The rock layers are perpendicular to the coast. These coasts are more common.

Question 5

What is erosion?

Answer 5

The wearing away and breaking down of rocks

Question 6

What are the three types of erosion?

Answer 6

Abrasion
Hydraulic Action
Attrition

Question 7

What is abrasion?

Answer 7

Abrasion is the mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport by wind, glacier, waves, gravity, running water or erosion

Question 8

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 8

Hydraulic action. Air may become trapped in joints and cracks on a cliff face. When a wave breaks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and causes erosion.

Question 9

What is attrition?

Answer 9

Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother.

Question 10

What are factors that impact wave strength?

Answer 10

The wind speed
The Wind Duration 
The Fetch length
The season 
The type of beach

Question 11

Why do powerful waves hit the southwest of the British Isles?

Answer 11

The waves have a fetch of up to 6000km
The wind speed can reach up to 12 m/s
The dominant wind heads towards the west of the British Isles

Question 12

What are the two types of waves?

Answer 12

Constructive

Destructive

Question 13

What are the properties of constructive waves?

Answer 13

Stronger swash than backwash
Long wave length
Low wave height
Surging waves forward
Low wave frequency
Common in summer
Adds sediment to the beach through deposition

Question 14

What are properties of destructive waves?

Answer 14

High wave frequency 
High wave height
Short wavelength 
Stronger backwash than swash
Common in winter
Plunging waves downward 
Removes sediment from the beach through erosion

Question 15

What are the two types of Mass Movement?

Answer 15

Rotational Slumping

Rock Slides

Question 16

What Happens in rotational slumping?

Answer 16

Clay is impermeable
Sand is permeable
Rain falls and accumulates at the boundary between the two. This lubricantes the boundary
The sand becomes saturated and will dramatically slump

Question 17

What Happens in rock slides?

Answer 17

Joints or bedding planes are aligned diagonally to the sea
Erosion at the bass of the cliff or weathering at the top
The cliff becomes unsupported and lubricated by rain
It moves in a straight diagonal line