Topic 3 - 3.3 Flashcards
What is Urbanisation and when did it mainly happen in the U.K?
Urbanisation is the movement of people from rural areas into towns and cities.
-In the U.K it is linked to industrialisation and happened between 1760-1850 (the industrial revolution)
What is counter-urbanisation and when did it mainly happen in the U.K?
- People who can afford to move out of cities choose to
- Increased car ownership and improvements in technology allow people to move to rural areas and work from home
- Counter-urbanisation in the U.K started in the 1970s/80s
What is suburbanisation, why did it happen and when did it start to happen in the U.K?
- Suburbanisation is when people who can afford to move out to the edge of a city and live in new ‘Suburbs’
- It often happens because the land is cheaper, less populated and less polluted
- In the U.K it started in the early 20th century
How did suburbanisation affect where people live?
Suburbanisation led to more and more people living in the suburbs as:
- Services e.g schools and hospitals were available
- People could easily commute to work
- In general things were cheaper in the suburbs
Why did counter-urbanisation happen?
Counter-urbanisation happened when technology allowed more and more people to be able to work from home. Increased overcrowding and air pollution in the city centre also somewhat led to it as well
What is re-urbanisation and why did it happen?
Re-Urbanisation happens when cities start to develop their inner city areas (e.g Brixton or Hackney). This starts to attract more people into these areas as housing is more available and attractive.
Who moves back into urban areas in re-urbanisation?
Wealthier people often move into urban areas after gentrification as they can often afford the houses there. However students also generally move into these urban areas as well
In urban areas what is commercial land?
Commercial land is land used for things like offices and shops and is often found in the CBD. However some out-of-town shopping centres has meant that commercial land is now more spread out.
In urban areas what is industrial land?
Industrial land is land used for factories and manufacturing areas. Older industrial areas are in the inner city, and newer industrial areas are or the edge of the city
In urban areas what is residential land used for?
Residential land is used for housing. It is found spread throughout the urban area ranging from terraced houses in the inner city to large detached houses in the Urban rural fringe
How does accessibility affect land use?
If land is accessible it will be very attractive for commercial businesses, as greater accessibility means more foot traffic. Generally the land areas with the lowest amount of accessibility will be used for residential properties. Industrial areas also need accessibility to transport goods
How does planning affect land use?
Planning affects land use as local councils often want to spread out commercial and residential properties, meaning building companies might not be able to build where they wish.
How does availability and cost affect land use?
Generally, if land is more expensive big companies will be able to afford the land, rather than small ones, meaning small businesses are often pushed out of the CBD where land availability is low and cost is high
