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Question 1

CHAPTER 6

Antisocial Effects

Answer 1

aggressive or negative behaviors will be copied, which explains why children who are victims of abuse are likely to become abusers when they are older

Question 2

Schema

Answer 2

• mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
• organizes information
• ideas become hard to change or modify

Question 3

What are the six components of language?

Answer 3

1. Lexicon - words of a given language
2. Grammar - set of rules used to convey meaning through the use of the lexicon
3. Phoneme - basic units of a given language (sounds)
4. Morpheme - combination of phonemes
5. Semantics - process which we derive meaning from morphemes and words
6. Syntax - refers to the way words are organized into sentences

Question 4

CHAPTER 7

What are the seven stages of language and communication development?

Answer 4

1. 0-3 months: reflexive communication (babble, single syllables repeated)
2. 3-8 months: reflexive communication, interest in others
3. 8-13 months: intentional communication, socialbility (variety in syllables)
4. 12-18 months: first words
5. 18-24 months: simple sentences of two words
6. 2-3 years: sentences of three or more words
7. 3-5 years: complex sentences, has conversations

Question 5

CHAPTER 8

Storage

Answer 5

creation of the permanent record of information

Question 6

CHAPTER 8

Retrieval

Answer 6

getting memory back on the conscious level (from the unconscious level)

Question 7

CHAPTER 8

What are four different types of long term memory?

Answer 7

• episodic - events personally experienced
• semantic - knowledge of words and language
• implicit - learned outside of awareness, repressed
• procedural - studied using observable behaviors, perform actions or skills

Question 8

CHAPTER 8

What are three different ways to retrieve memory?

Answer 8

• recall - identifying information without cues
• recognition - identifying information that you previously learned
• relearning - learning information previously learned

Question 9

CHAPTER 8

What parts of the brain are involved in memory? What are their functions?

Answer 9

• Engram - group of neurons, physical representation of memory
• Amygdala - fear and fear memories
• Hippocampus - declarative, episodic, and recognition memories
• Cerebellum - procedural memories

Question 10

CHAPTER 10

Drive Theory

Answer 10

• deviations from homeostasis to create physiological needs
  
  • drive that directs behavior to meet a need and return to homeostasis

Question 11

CHAPTER 10

Self-Efficacy Flowchart

Answer 11

1. set goals for oneself
2. expectations
3. behavorial consequences
4. motivation

Question 12

CHAPTER 10

Social Motives

Answer 12

needs for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy