Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation (Exam 2) Flashcards
Intrinsic
- from internal factors
- personal motivation
Extrinsic
- from external factors
- receive something from others
Instinct
- unlearned
- derived from homeostasis
Drive Theory
- deviations from homeostasis to create physiological needs
- drive that directs behavior to meet a need and return to homeostasis
Drive Theory Flowchart
- psychological drive increases
- direct behavior increases
- needs are met
- homeostasis is met
Drive Reduction Flowchart
- psychological drive decreases
- direct behavior deceases
- needs are not met
- homeostasis is not met
Self-Efficacy
one’s belief in their capacity to complete a task
Self-Efficacy Flowchart
- set goals for oneself
- expectations
- behavorial consequences
- motivation
Social Motives
needs for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy
In terms of social motives, what does one’s need for achievement lead to?
accomplishment and performance
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological - biological needs (e.g. food, shelter)
- Security - safety needs
- Social - family/friends, belongingness
- Esteem - self-worth
- Self-Actualization - inner fulfillment
Satiation
fullness and satisfaction
opposite of hunger
Hunger Flowchart
- blood glucose drops
- pancreas and liver
- chemical signals to brain
- induce hunger
Leptin
satiety hormone
Anorexia Nervosa
- eating disorder
- maintain a below average body weight through starvation or intense exercise
Bullimia Nervosa
- eating disorder
- binge eating, followed by purging (throwing up) or intense exercise
What is are major health consequences of anorexia and bulimia?
- anorexia - bone loss
- bulimia - tooth decay
When a person has an eating disorder, how do they view their body?
distorted body image/body dismorphia - believe they are overweight when they are not
What is responsible for sexual motivation? If these areas are damaged, what occurs?
- amygdala and nucleus accumbens
- decreased sexual motivation, but still able to do so
What are the four phases of sexual responses?
- Excitement
- Plateau
- Orgasm
- Resolution
What occurs during the excitement phase?
- arousal
- erection of the penis
- lubrication of the clitoris
What occurs during the plateau phase?
- vagina swells
- penis becomes fully erect, exhibits pre-ejaculatory response
What occurs during the orgasm phase?
- female rhythmic contractions, male pelvic contractions
- build up of seminal fluids forced out by contractions of genital muscles
What occurs during the resolution phase?
- rapid return to an unaroused state
- blood pressure decrease, muscle relaxation
Sexual Orientation
emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction
Gender Identity
gender expression
James-Lange Theory
- emotions arise from physiological arousal
- fight, flight, or freeze
Cannon-Bard Theory
physical arousal and emotional arousal occurs simultaneously, yet independently
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
- emotions are composed of physiological and cognitive factors
- physiological arousal needs to be appraised (assessed) in context to create an emotional response
Lazarus’ Cognitive-Mediational Theory
emotions are determined by one’s appraisal (assessment) of the stimuli
Amygdala
where emotions are processed, especially fear and anxiety
What is the amygdala made up of?
- Basolateral Complex - dense connection of sensory areas of the brain
- Central Nucleus - plays a role in attention
Hippocampus
- stores memory
- plays a role in emotions
Hypothalamus
connections with central nuclei regulates the atonomic and endocrine nervous systems
Cultural Display Rule
standards that say what emotions are appropriate to display
What are the 7 universal emotions?
- Happiness
- Surprise
- Sadness
- Fright
- Disgust
- Contempt
- Anger
Body Language
expression of emotions in terms of body position and movement
