Chapter 1-2

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

scientific study of the mind and behavior

Question 2

founders of psychology

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt and William James

Question 3

humanism

Answer 3

focused on a person-centered approach which emphasized the potential good that is innate to all humans

Question 4

Malow’s Hiearchy of Needs

Answer 4

by Abraham Maslow

require left to fulfill right:
physiological –> security –> social –> esteem –> self-actualization

Question 5

Client-Centered Therapy

Answer 5

by Carl Rogers

therapist provides unconditional positivity

Question 6

cognitive revolution

Answer 6

change negative thinking into positive thinking

Question 7

American Psychological Association (APA)

Answer 7

members in mental-health related fields

Question 8

PhD

Answer 8

research-based, become educators

Question 9

PsyD

Answer 9

therapy and treatment

Question 10

dissertation

Answer 10

research paper required to get a PhD or PsyD

Question 11

adjunct professors

Answer 11

educators that have primary careers outside of teaching

Question 12

What does research do?

Answer 12

help us understand more about our mind and body

Question 13

empirical

Answer 13

objective, tangible evidence

Question 14

survey

Answer 14

question a sample of people from a population

Question 15

weakness of a survey

Answer 15

unreliable - inaccurate, exaggerated responses

Question 16

strength of a survey

Answer 16

generalize findings of a population based on a sample

Question 17

naturalistic observation

Answer 17

observe people’s behaviors in a natural setting

Question 18

strength of naturalistic observation

Answer 18

people behave differently when they know they are being watched

Question 19

archival research

Answer 19

collect information from archive or library

Question 20

weaknesses of archival research

Answer 20

researcher never interacts with participants

did not conduct research themselves

Question 21

longitudinal approach

Answer 21

research over years, even decades

Question 22

attrition

Answer 22

partipants drop out due to longevity of research process

Question 23

correlation

Answer 23

relationship between two or more variables, not necessarily a cause-and-effect relationship

Question 24

causation

Answer 24

cause-and-effect relationship

Question 25

confounding variable

Answer 25

causes movement between two variables, not the cause

Question 26

random sampling

Answer 26

group or subset of a larger population in which every member could potentially be selected for a study

Question 27

experimental group

Answer 27

group that gets the experimental manipulation

Question 28

control group

Answer 28

group that does not get the experimental manipulation

control group can become experimental group

Question 29

experimental bias

Answer 29

refers to the possibility that researcher’s expectations might skew the rest of the study

Question 30

independent variable

Answer 30

variable that is influenced/controlled by the experimenter

Question 31

dependent variable

Answer 31

variable that the researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had

Question 32

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Answer 32

review proposals of research that involves human participants

experiments with humans involved can only proceed with approval of the IRB

Question 33

informed consent

Answer 33

provides a written description of what the participants can expect during the experiment, including potential risks and implications of the research