Chapter 4 Flashcards
consciousness
awareness of external and internal stimuli
internal stimuli
pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, thoughts and emotions
external stimuli
anything that comes from outside the body
circadian rhythm
also: sleep-wake and light-dark cycles
biological rhythm that takes place over a 24 hour period
sleep debt
amount of sleep you need, as opposed to the sleep you actually get
pineal gland
stimulated by darkness in order to secrete melatonin
pituitary gland
secretes growth hormone during sleep
function of sleep according to evolutionary psychology
restore resources that are expended during the day
sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risk, which increases in darkness
cognitive function of sleep
sleep deprivation results in memory deficits, especially long term memories
stage 1 of non-REM sleep
produces alpha waves
transitional phase, where one is relaxed yet awake
stage 2 of non-REM sleep
produces theta waves
state of deep relaxation
includes sleep spindle for learning and memory
stage 3 of non-REM sleep
produces delta waves
deep sleep, hard to wake someone
dramatic decrease in respiration and heartrate
stage 4 of REM sleep
produces beta waves for conscious and logical thinking
eyes dart rapidly through closed eyelids
dreaming occurs
insomnia
consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep
diagnose insomnia
difficulty staying asleep for at least 3 night a week for 1 month
parasomnia
unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep
sleepwalking
eyes open but unresponsive to attempts to communicate with them
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
muscle paralysis associated with REM sleep not occurring
associated with Parkinson’s Disease
restless leg syndrome
uncomfortable sensationns in the legs
night terrors
sense of panic which results to screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment
sleep apnea
sleeper’s breathing stops for 10-20 seconds and brief arousal
sleep apnea treatment
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) pumps air into airways
suddent infant death syndrome (SIDS)
infant stops breathing during sleep and dies
risk factors of SIDS
infants <12 months
boys > girls
narcolepsy
associated with cataplexy, or lack of muscle tone and muscle weakness
substance use disorder (SUD)
compulsive pattern of using the drug use with both physical and psychological dependence, which affects their abilities to function everyday, and continues to use substance despite consequences
function because of substances
prioritize substances over responsibility
stimulants
also: party drugs
stimulates dopamine
associated with euphoria
increases energy, pleasure, emotional warmth
sedative-hypnotics
also: depressants
impacts gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
everything slows down, lower levels of alertness
opiates
impacts endrogenous opoid neurotransmitter system
associated with euphoria
1. initial rush
2. going on the nod
3. altered consciousness
hallucinogens
stimulates serotonin
sensory experiences, visual hallucinations, hallucinations of body sensations
with alcohol, increases heart rate and blood pressure
