Chapter 13: Industrial and Organizational Psychology Flashcards
Industrial and Organizational (I/O) Psychology
branch of psychology studies how human behavior affects work and how they are affected by work
What are the three broad areas of I/O Psychology?
- Industrial Psychology
- Organizational Psychology
- Human Factors Psychology
Industrial Psychology
concerned with job requirements and assessing individuals for their ability to meet those requirements
Before one gets hired.
Organizational Pyschology
- interested in how the relationships among employees affect those employees and the performance of a business
- studies worker satisfaction, worker well-being, leadership, organizational culture
After one is hired. Helps people stay in a company, how personalities blend in the workplace.
Human Factors Psychology
study of how workers interact with tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize worker’s productivity, safety, and health
- After one is hired.
- e.g. design a chair to optimize work performance
Occupational Health Psychology
how stress, diseases, and disorders affect employees as a result of the workplace
Emphasizes work/life balance.
What did the Western Electic Hawthorn Works studies focus on?
interpersonal relations, motivation, organizational dynamics
Hawthorne Effect
Result of Western Electric Hawthorne Works.
the increase in performance of individuals who are aware they are being observed by researchers or supervisors
ONet
- database by the US Department of Labor
- where each occupation lists tasks, knowledge, skills, personalities, etc. deemed necessary for success in that position
Orientation Training
educate new employees on how an organization runs, operates, and makes decisions
Mentoring
informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee
Mentors are often women to show diversity within a company.
Organizational Training
- based on employee’s effort
- test at the end of training to demonstrate learning outcomes were met
I/O psychologists design performance-appraisal systems. What do these evaluate?
employees’ performance
Performance Appraisal
- documented several times a year
- address the employee to motivate them, improve performance, and expand areas of competence
