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METHODOLOGY > U7 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION > Flashcards

U7 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION Flashcards

1
Q

Where did writing begin?

A

In Egypty

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2
Q

At the beginning there was very limited diffusion of knowledge, but what were the three methods of dissemination?

A
  • Copyists and translators
  • Scientific manuscripts
  • Republic of letters
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3
Q

Where was copying carried out?

A

In monasteries, cathedral schools and later universities

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4
Q

What were the traductions?

A

Form greek to arabic (in Baghdad) and arabic to latin (western europe)

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5
Q

What was the main media to spread scientific knowledge during the Middle Ages?

A

Manuscripts

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6
Q

Manuscripts have lost importance but what is their use nowadays?

A

Notebook and lab dairies (for studing how scientist think and work). Medical records (big mass of manuscripts stored)

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7
Q

About the republic of letters…

A

It was correspondance that contained observations and comments about a phenomenon. The author of these letters had to make many copies and send them at the same time. This demostrated authorship and avoided plagiarism

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8
Q

The evolution of print can be separeted into 2 phases:

A

1º Form the beginning (1453) until the 17th century
2º From the 17th century to the end of WWII.

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9
Q

In the 1st phase…

A

There was a clear preference towards the antique information. Printed books imitated manuscripts

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10
Q

In the 2nd phase…

A

Autority crisis, obsolescence of scientific works. The creation of scientific journals

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11
Q

Where did the 1st scientific journals come from?

A

They were born from the compilation of book reviews and nautral observation shared by the REPUBLIC OF LETTERS

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12
Q

Why did the change between books and journals occur?

A

Journals offered greater dynamism. (books needed strucutre and had slow preparation)
Journals were an instrument against plagiarims and a tactic recognition of authorship.

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13
Q

What does the apparence of specialized journals entail?

A

An increase in the proportion of articles describing original experiments

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14
Q

Jounalism in the 20th century has an indispensable requirementfor their publication. What is it?

A

Peer-review (anonymous opinion and report of the original text)

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15
Q

What are the objectives of scientific journalism?

A
  • Communication of knowledge
  • Dissemination of new techniques of observation and experimentation
  • Updating and systematization of knowledge
  • Validation by experts
  • Autorship and primacy
  • Avoid duplication of experim.
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16
Q

What is the main problem with popularisation of the medicine and pharmacy?

A

Scientific information is often expressed in an unintelligible way.

16
Q

What informatinal challenges are we facing today?

A
  • Growing obsolescence of scientific work
  • Inability to store scientific documents
  • Fragmentation of scientific disciplines
17
Q

What is the importance of populrization of science?

A

Because of the public attitudes for developing campaigns and encouraging resposible consumption of drugs

18
Q

What are the two models of science popularization?

A
  • DIFFUSIONIST MODEL
  • THE CONTINUUM COMMUNICATION PRACTICES
19
Q

Charactersitcs of the difusionist model?

A
  • Stages are clearly separeted and non-communicated
  • Lineal and unidirectional
  • Audience acts as empty vessels
20
Q

Charactersitcs of the continuum communication practices model?

A
  • Many comunicative activities are directed at scientist
  • Teaching overlaps with research and popularisation
  • Lack of well-definded limits
  • Audience are not empty boxes: knowledge is transformed and prepared according to the type of public
21
Q

What are the purposes of scientific popularization?

A
  • Show the power of reason and utility of science
  • Ensuring the presence of sicenice in culture
  • Preseve health and fight disease
  • Promote techonologial innovation
22
Q

About the purposes of scientific popularization, what are the political views?

A
  • Conservatives: natural order = social order
  • Reformists: philantropy and moralization
  • Revolutionaries: social emancipation

METHODOLOGY (14 decks)

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