U3 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS Flashcards
What did Alexandre Koyré defend?
The radical novelty of the “nuova scienza” which emerged in the 17 century (Galileo, Newton)
When did the “scientific revolution” become a widely shared historiographical category?
After the World War II
What does GALENISM state?
The human has 4 humors and the imbalance in one of them makes illness. As a way to systematize and gather all the practices
Although Greeks devolped many aspects of science, who also helped?
Galileo, Newton (from the Middle Ages)
For what reasons did the humanist turn their eyes to antiquity (Renaissance)?
- Draw inspiration from classic models
- Recover original knowledge
- Purify texts (supososedly corrupted in the dark times by the Arabs) of the authors if antiquity
What was the philosophical and scientific legacy of the antiquity in later years?
- Appropriated, recreated, enriched and expandes by the Arabs
- Translated into Latin in the school of southern Europe
- Assimilated ans reworked in the mould of Aritotelian philosophy
- Taught in universities
- THe rational basis of later medical and bioligcal knowledge
How was the medieval theology forged into the Ariototelian mould?
It was made compatible the concept of nature and the existence of an omnipotent God
In the protestant reformation and catholic counter- reformation…
There was a substitution od reading the book of God by “reading” the work of God (nature)
What was “scienza nuova” ?
A space of encounter and collaboration (not conflict) between philosofers and European scholars (catholic or protestant)
What were the 2 main transformations of knowledge?
The Vesalian revolution and the Copernican revolution
What did the Vesalian revolution consist on?
- Static conception of anatomy
- Based on observation of CORPSES
- Solidistic and architectual vision of the human body
- The form of the human body, isolated form fuction.
What is the static anatomy?
The form of the human body
That is the anatomy animata?
The function of the human body
What does the static anatomy englobe?
- Beginnings of descriptive anatomy
- Creation of chairs of anatomy
- Anatomical theatres
- Versalian movement
What were the changes made in natural philosophy?
- Increasing questioning of the principle of autority of Aristotelianism and Gallenism
- Sceptisim and emprism
- Consensus on the need of experiemntation to confirm or refute therories
- Usefulness of maths to measure and analyse
