U6 SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Why don’t we use colloquial language for scientific terminology?

A

It lacks precision, conciseness and emotional neutrality and dosen’t provide universality.
There is a need to maintain the professional secrecy, incorporate new words and specific resources

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2
Q

What are the general characteristics of scientific language?

A
  • Universality: interantional, but adapts to spelling in each language
  • Conciseness: economy of time
  • Accuracy: 1 signifier, 1 meaning
  • Neutrality: no affective components and use of 3rd person
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3
Q

What are the origins of scientific terminology?

A

Traditional lexical heritage (greco-latin)
Words form modern languages (replaced latin words)
Vocab with other meanings:
- unknown origin
- associations of an indirect or metaphorical character

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4
Q

Types of vocab with other origins?

A
  • EPONYMS: names of invertors, places, gods…
  • ACRONYMS
  • ONOMATOPOEIAS
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5
Q

Types of neologisms (new terms)?

A

Of form, of sense or syntactic neologisms

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6
Q

What are neologisms of form?

A

Creation of a term or a new expression

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7
Q

What are neologisms of sense?

A

Attribution of new sense to an already existing term

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8
Q

From what words are neologisms formes from?

A

From Greco-Romas morphemes. These new neologisms have to have coherence with existing terms and universality

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9
Q

What are the different combinations?

A

DETERMINATIVE, COPULATIVE AND MIXED

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10
Q

What does the DETERMINATIVE combination consist on?

A

A main root the ir delimited by other roots, prefixes or sufixes

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11
Q

What does the COPULATIVE combination consist on?

A

Several morphemes combine to associate their meanings

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12
Q

What does the MIXED combination consist on?

A

A main root combiend with another root which ahve prefixes and sufixes to specify

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13
Q

What vowel is inserted when there is a comb of 2 Greek roots or Greek + Latin?

A

Usually a “o” is added

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14
Q

What vowel is inserted when there is a comb of 2 Latin roots?

A

Usually an “i” is added

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15
Q

When using several words to form an expression what are the combinaitons?

A

In juxtaposed from or in a coordiinated way

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16
Q

What is terminologisation?

A

Incorporation of a new meaning to a word in every day language

17
Q

What is an example of neologisms of sense?

A

Passing the meaning fo a term from one branch of knowledge to another, acquiring different meaning from the on it had in the first place

18
Q

What is syntatic neologisms?

A

Change of grammatical category or change of function of a word

19
Q

What are the reasons for scientific language to not have a logical and uniform criteria?

A

a) semantic phenomena
b) changes of meaning
c) associations of an indirect or metaphorical character
d) words of ambiguos meaning or unknown meaning

20
Q

Types if semantic phenomena?

A
  • synonyms
  • polisemia and homonimia
  • antonyms
  • generic - specific relations
21
Q

Difference between polisemia and homonimia?

A

Polisemia: dos palabras con significado relacionado
Homonimia: dos palabras con significado muy diferente

22
Q

Types of meaning changes?

A
  • Transfer: simple change of meaning of a term
  • Contraction: reduction of meaning occurs
  • Expansion: term with a broader meaning than the starting point
23
Q

Nomeclature…

A

List or catalog of terms approved by a specific scientific community accorgind to norms that determine their meanings

24
Q

Classification…

A

Establishment and characterisation of systematic gruops according to the knowledge and resources available at any moment

25
Nomeclature and classification are the solution to what problem?
The lack of LOGIC and UNIFORMITY of terminology