U14 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Flashcards
Where were medications produced before the 19th C?
in the pharmacy which was a small business, requiring few staff, marketed locally, and producing enough profit to maintain a family. It did not require large capital investment
What was discovered in the early 19th C, that entialed the production of the first industries?
Alkaloids
In the 2nd half of the 19th C…
- synthesis of the fisrts dyes which established a relationship between the dye industry and the pharmaceutical industry (pudiendo seleccionar los tejidos donde actuar)
- creation of synthetic organic chemical industry
- development of molecules and prediction of their behavior
Which were the 2 decisive decades for the creation of pills, digitized capsules, marketing?
1880
1890
What was involved in the growth and expansion of medicine?
- Increase of specialised personnel associated with industries
- Creation of research centres associated with industries
- Market expansion
What happened in the WWI and the interwar period with the notoriety in pharmaceutical industry?
The US seizes German patents and the notoriety in the pharmacutical industry increases
During the WWI and the interwar period there was a syntesis of …
- vitamins (study of the concept of deficiency disease)
- insulin (studing the causes of the disease, the chemical strucutre and the way of synthetizing it
- other hormones (testosterone and contraceptives)
The WWII wast he age of antibiotics like
▪ Sulfamides ▪ Penicillin ▪ Streptomycin
▪ Tetracyclines
What were the new developments made since 1950?
▪ Expansion of the world market with American predominance and great concentration of business (multinationals with huge investments in marketing and advertising)
▪ Consolidation of patent and trademark system
▪ Facultative prescription system: national health systems, population growth, and longer life expectancy
▪ New products: cortisone, psychoactive drugs, biotech products.
▪ Increased regulation of pharmaceuticals
What does the current situation consist on?
▪ Concentration of large multinationals
▪ High cost of producing drugs
▪ High investment in research and development
▪ United States and Europe lead production and spending
▪ Generic drugs
▪ Orphan drugs
What are generic drugs?
A drug with the same pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and therapeutic characteristics as another drug whose patent has expired and is referred to as ‘reference drug’
What are orphan drugs?
Orphan drugs are products that serve to diagnose, prevent, or treat diseases or disorders that are very serious and rare
The criteria for what each contry considers to be an orphan drug varies within each country
