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METHODOLOGY > U13 SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY > Flashcards

U13 SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the concept of morbid species?

A

The symptoms of the illness

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2
Q

What is the morbid species caused by?

A

An anatomical lesion

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3
Q

In the renaissance they

A

opened bodies of those who died and did anatomy on them

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4
Q

What were the 2 objectives covered by diagnosis?

A
  • Determination of the morbid species
  • Establishment of the AL (anatomic lesion) causing it
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5
Q

What were the consequences of the practices made in Renaissance?

A
  • Autopsy as evidence of good diagnosis in clinical practice
  • New intention with autopsies and new attitude towards AL (anatomic lesion)
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6
Q

What was the anatomo-clinical mentality?

A

the central and basic reality of the disease consists on finding the AL that determines it

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7
Q

What was the best approach for turning medical knowledge into a true science?

A

The scientific knowledge of anatomical lesions

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8
Q

What were the 2 key points of the symptomatic picture in the Renaissance?

A
  • The ‘functional deficit’ derived from the AL
  • The ‘reaction’ of the organism to the AL
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9
Q

Between what two things was there a systematic relationship that came with the change in diagnostic and use of instruments?

A

Between clinical observation of patients and anatomic lessions found at autopsy

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10
Q

Until well into the 19th C…

A

medicine depended on practical experience and not on laboratory knowledge

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11
Q

What is the pathophysiological mentality?

A

disease as a dynamic disorder of functions

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12
Q

What helped the developmentof scietnfic explanation?

A

Physics and Chemistry

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13
Q

Diseases were studied as

A

energetic (physical) or material (chemicals) processes

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14
Q

What is clinical thermometry?

A

Systematic study of the evolution of temperature in different diseases

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15
Q

Chemical pathology?

A

Detection of a disease before the observable symptoms appear

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16
Q

Bacteriology?

A

▪ First description of bacteria
▪ Emergence of the term ‘microbe’
▪ First classifications of bacteria
▪Discovery of spores and their role in spontaneous generation

17
Q

What is the etiopathological approach?

A

disease as external aggression by microorganisms

18
Q

General theory of infectious disease?

A

The microorganism must be:
- found in abundance in all organisms that suffer the disease, but not in healthy organisms
- able to be isolated in a diseased organism and cultivated in vitro
- isolated from the inoculated experimental host and identified as identical to the origina

  • The microorganism produced in vitro must cause the disease when introduced into a healthy organism
19
Q

What does the technification of medicine consist on?

A
  • Growing subordination of the patient to health technologies and medicalization of natural phenomena
  • Tendency to over-diagnosis
  • Medical knowledge and technology are never politically and culturally neutral
  • The indiscriminate use of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies is having an obvious impact on health costs and the sustainability of public health care system
  • There has been an expropriation of health driven by economic interests and health professionals
20
Q

What did the social and sanitary impact entail?

A
  • It provided a scientific explination for the mechanism of contagion and encouraged the development of contemporary epidemiology
  • Prompted a marked change of focus in therapeutics
  • Encouraged the adoption of antisepsis measures, the discovery of drugs, and the development of effective biological resources to prevent infectious diseases
21
Q

About Galenism as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?

A

ideas: humor alteration
scenario: home, hospital rarely
practices:pulse, uroscopy, speculation
instruments: senses

22
Q

About anatomoclinical as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?

A

ideas: morbous species and anatomical lesson
scenario: hospital
practices: autopsy, symptoms observation
instruments: stethosope

23
Q

About physiopathological as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?

A

ideas: disease as malfunction
scenario: laboratory
practices: physical and chemical analysis
instruments: thermometer

24
Q

About etiopathological as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?

A

ideas: disease as infection
scenario: laboratory
practices: microbiology
instruments: microscopy

25
Q

About tecnification as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?

A

ideas: specialized and divided
scenario: laboratory/ big hospitals/specialized room
practices: multiple
instruments: complex machines

METHODOLOGY (14 decks)

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