U13 SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY Flashcards
What is the concept of morbid species?
The symptoms of the illness
What is the morbid species caused by?
An anatomical lesion
In the renaissance they
opened bodies of those who died and did anatomy on them
What were the 2 objectives covered by diagnosis?
- Determination of the morbid species
- Establishment of the AL (anatomic lesion) causing it
What were the consequences of the practices made in Renaissance?
- Autopsy as evidence of good diagnosis in clinical practice
- New intention with autopsies and new attitude towards AL (anatomic lesion)
What was the anatomo-clinical mentality?
the central and basic reality of the disease consists on finding the AL that determines it
What was the best approach for turning medical knowledge into a true science?
The scientific knowledge of anatomical lesions
What were the 2 key points of the symptomatic picture in the Renaissance?
- The ‘functional deficit’ derived from the AL
- The ‘reaction’ of the organism to the AL
Between what two things was there a systematic relationship that came with the change in diagnostic and use of instruments?
Between clinical observation of patients and anatomic lessions found at autopsy
Until well into the 19th C…
medicine depended on practical experience and not on laboratory knowledge
What is the pathophysiological mentality?
disease as a dynamic disorder of functions
What helped the developmentof scietnfic explanation?
Physics and Chemistry
Diseases were studied as
energetic (physical) or material (chemicals) processes
What is clinical thermometry?
Systematic study of the evolution of temperature in different diseases
Chemical pathology?
Detection of a disease before the observable symptoms appear
Bacteriology?
▪ First description of bacteria
▪ Emergence of the term ‘microbe’
▪ First classifications of bacteria
▪Discovery of spores and their role in spontaneous generation
What is the etiopathological approach?
disease as external aggression by microorganisms
General theory of infectious disease?
The microorganism must be:
- found in abundance in all organisms that suffer the disease, but not in healthy organisms
- able to be isolated in a diseased organism and cultivated in vitro
- isolated from the inoculated experimental host and identified as identical to the origina
- The microorganism produced in vitro must cause the disease when introduced into a healthy organism
What does the technification of medicine consist on?
- Growing subordination of the patient to health technologies and medicalization of natural phenomena
- Tendency to over-diagnosis
- Medical knowledge and technology are never politically and culturally neutral
- The indiscriminate use of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies is having an obvious impact on health costs and the sustainability of public health care system
- There has been an expropriation of health driven by economic interests and health professionals
What did the social and sanitary impact entail?
- It provided a scientific explination for the mechanism of contagion and encouraged the development of contemporary epidemiology
- Prompted a marked change of focus in therapeutics
- Encouraged the adoption of antisepsis measures, the discovery of drugs, and the development of effective biological resources to prevent infectious diseases
About Galenism as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?
ideas: humor alteration
scenario: home, hospital rarely
practices:pulse, uroscopy, speculation
instruments: senses
About anatomoclinical as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?
ideas: morbous species and anatomical lesson
scenario: hospital
practices: autopsy, symptoms observation
instruments: stethosope
About physiopathological as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?
ideas: disease as malfunction
scenario: laboratory
practices: physical and chemical analysis
instruments: thermometer
About etiopathological as a medical approach, ideas, scenario, practices and instrument involved?
ideas: disease as infection
scenario: laboratory
practices: microbiology
instruments: microscopy
