U11 ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION

Question 1

What was the mind set about animal experimentation during renaissance and scientific revolution?

Answer 1

• dissection of living animals in anatomical theaters
• infusion surgery
• experiences on the role of air in respiration
• mechanistic conecption of animate beings (inability of animals to suffer pain)

Question 2

What was the mind set about animal experimentation during enlightenment and modern science (appearance of new minds sets)?

Answer 2

• increased number of experiments: ‘experimental results are of greater certainty than the dark and contradictory statements of classical authorities’
• experiments with electricity
• exp on respiration

Question 3

Thoughts of François Magendie (experimental physiology (19th C))?

Answer 3

‘the functions of the organs can only be studied with experiments’
- doubts about the possibility of transferring results to humans
- controversies on his public experimetns with animals

Question 4

Who consacrates laboratory and animal experimentation as the fundamental method of physiology and medicine?

Answer 4

Claude Bernard

Question 5

Claude Bernard consacreates

Answer 5

laboratory and animal experimentation as the fundamental method of physiology and medicine

Question 6

In the 2nd half of the 19th C…

Answer 6

a public debate started involving the cruelty to animals:
(beginning fo the protectionisit movement and apperarance of the 1st societies against vivisection)

Question 7

During the 1st half of the 20th C

Answer 7

there was an increase in the use of animals in laboratories and there were improvements (anaesthesia)

Question 8

About laboratory animals…

Answer 8

• biological REAGENT (animals capable of a reliable and reproducible answer)
• biologically STANDARIZED and genetically uniform through collective selection according to some criteria
• Centres dedicated to obtaining animals: companies, technical service…

Question 9

Uses of the experiments with animals…

Answer 9

1. Transferring the results of experiments from one species to another
2. Existence of an infinity of experimental models in animals of metabolic and physiological systems, pathological processes, etc. that can be applied to humans and other animals
3. Lack of a perfect model of animal experimentation applicable to humans

Question 10

Ethics and legal aspects

Answer 10

• Movements against animal experimentation
• Limitation of the number of animals sacrificed and of pain
• Legislation and ethics of animal experimentation
• Progress in ethology: pain, stress, depression…
• Reconsideration of the problem: the potential of animals to experience suffering is greater than previously thought

Question 11

What are mosr current regulations

Answer 11

The three R:
- reduce: Minimize the number of animals used
- refine: Improve breeding, housing and care, as well as eliminate or minimize pain
- replace: as far as possible prioritize procedures that do not involve the use of living animals