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MT6320 BACTE > U4 LEC: ANTIMICROBIALS > Flashcards

U4 LEC: ANTIMICROBIALS Flashcards

1
Q

Substances that inhibit, kill or destroy microorganisms

A

Antimicrobial agents

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2
Q

Sources of AMTs

A

Microorganisms, Chemically synthesized

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3
Q

AMTs include:

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Antibacterial Agent
  • Antiviral
  • Anti fungal
  • Anti parasitic
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4
Q

Limited spectrum of action

A

Narrow Spectrum

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5
Q

AMTs under Narrow Spectrum

A
  • Penicillin G
  • Bacitracin
  • Clindamycin
  • Erythromycin
  • Polymyxin B
  • Vancomycin
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6
Q

Wide spectrum of action

A

Broad Spectrum

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7
Q

Broad Spectrum has action against?

A

Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria

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8
Q

AMTs under Broad Spectrum

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Ampicillin
  • Cephalosporins
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9
Q

Disadvantage of Broad Spectrum

A

Destruction/Inhibition of normal flora leading to superinfections

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10
Q

AMTs according to action

A
  • Bacteriocidal
  • Bacteriostatic
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11
Q

Agents that kill or destroy the microorganism, used in life threatening infections and in infections in immunosuppressed patients

A

Bacteriocidal Agents

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12
Q

AMTs under Bacteriocidal Agents

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • B-lactams
  • Vancomycin
  • Daptomycin
  • Teicoplanin
  • Televancin
  • Quinolones
  • Rifampin
  • Metronidazole
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13
Q

These agents inhibit the growth of microorganisms

A

Bacteriostatic

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14
Q

AMTs under Bacteriostatic agents

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Erythromycin and other macrolides
  • Clindamycin
  • Sulfonamides
  • Trimethoprim
  • Tetracyclines
  • Tigecycline
  • Linezolid
  • Quinupristin/daifopristin
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15
Q

MOA of Beta Lactams

A

Inibition of enzymes needed for peptidoglycan formation

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16
Q

Penicillins are derived from?

A

Penicillium notatum

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17
Q

Penicillins derived from Penicillium notatum

A
  • Pen G
  • Pen V
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18
Q

Aminopenicillins

A
  • Ampicillin
  • Amoxicillin
19
Q

Penicillinase Resistant Penicllins

A
  • Methicillin
  • Oxacillin
  • Nafcillin
20
Q

Extended Spectrum Penicllin

A
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Carboxypenicillin (Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin)
  • Acycalmminopenicillins
  • Ureidopenicillins
21
Q

Penicillin co-drugs

A
  • Augmentin
  • PipTaz
  • Ampicillin/Sulbactam
22
Q

Source of Cephalosphorins

A

Acremonium

23
Q

These are structurally similar to Penicillin but better able to withstand B-lactamase and more modifiable

A

Beta Lactam Drugs

24
Q

Original Cephalosphorin

A

Cephalosporin C

25
Q

Cephalosphorin C is modified to?

A

Aminocephalosporanic acid

26
Q

T/F: Aminocephalosporanic acid is further modified into 1st up to 5th generation Cephalosphorins.

A

True

27
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefaclor
  • Cefazolin
28
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporins (Narrow)

A
  • Cefoprozil
  • Cefuroxime
29
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporins (Expanded)

A
  • Cefixime
  • Cefotaxime
30
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporins (Broad)

A
  • Ceftazidime
31
Q

4th Gen Cephalosporins (Extendedn)

A
  • Cefepime
32
Q

5th Gen Cephalosporins

A
  • Ceftaroline
  • Ceftobiprole
33
Q

Cephalosporin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

A
  • Ceftolozane and Tazobactam
  • Ceftazidime and Avibactam
34
Q

Monobactams (Narrow)

A
  • Aztreonam
35
Q

Broad spectrum, similar to 3rd gen cephalosporins

A

Carbapenems

36
Q

Carbapenems have a slightly greater activity against?

A
  • Enterics
  • Pseudomonas
  • Anaerobes
37
Q

Carbapenems are not effective against?

A
  • MRSA
  • VRE
38
Q

Carbapenems

A
  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Doripenem
  • Ertapenem
39
Q

MOA of Glycopeptides

A

Binds to terminal D-Ala-D-Ala of the pentapeptidyl-glycosyl peptidoglycan intermediates

40
Q

Activity of Glycopeptides is limited to?

A

Gram (+) only

41
Q

Glycopeptides

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Dalbavancin
  • Teicoplamin
42
Q

MOA of Cycloserine

A

Inhibit synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursors in the cytoplasm

43
Q

Cycloserine is considered as a 2nd line drug for?

A

TB

44
Q
A

MT6320 BACTE (13 decks)

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