U4 LEC: ANTIMICROBIALS Flashcards
Substances that inhibit, kill or destroy microorganisms
Antimicrobial agents
Sources of AMTs
Microorganisms, Chemically synthesized
AMTs include:
- Antibiotics
- Antibacterial Agent
- Antiviral
- Anti fungal
- Anti parasitic
Limited spectrum of action
Narrow Spectrum
AMTs under Narrow Spectrum
- Penicillin G
- Bacitracin
- Clindamycin
- Erythromycin
- Polymyxin B
- Vancomycin
Wide spectrum of action
Broad Spectrum
Broad Spectrum has action against?
Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria
AMTs under Broad Spectrum
- Tetracycline
- Ampicillin
- Cephalosporins
Disadvantage of Broad Spectrum
Destruction/Inhibition of normal flora leading to superinfections
AMTs according to action
- Bacteriocidal
- Bacteriostatic
Agents that kill or destroy the microorganism, used in life threatening infections and in infections in immunosuppressed patients
Bacteriocidal Agents
AMTs under Bacteriocidal Agents
- Aminoglycosides
- B-lactams
- Vancomycin
- Daptomycin
- Teicoplanin
- Televancin
- Quinolones
- Rifampin
- Metronidazole
These agents inhibit the growth of microorganisms
Bacteriostatic
AMTs under Bacteriostatic agents
- Chloramphenicol
- Erythromycin and other macrolides
- Clindamycin
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim
- Tetracyclines
- Tigecycline
- Linezolid
- Quinupristin/daifopristin
MOA of Beta Lactams
Inibition of enzymes needed for peptidoglycan formation
Penicillins are derived from?
Penicillium notatum
Penicillins derived from Penicillium notatum
- Pen G
- Pen V
Aminopenicillins
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
Penicillinase Resistant Penicllins
- Methicillin
- Oxacillin
- Nafcillin
Extended Spectrum Penicllin
- Aminopenicillins
- Carboxypenicillin (Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin)
- Acycalmminopenicillins
- Ureidopenicillins
Penicillin co-drugs
- Augmentin
- PipTaz
- Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Source of Cephalosphorins
Acremonium
These are structurally similar to Penicillin but better able to withstand B-lactamase and more modifiable
Beta Lactam Drugs
Original Cephalosphorin
Cephalosporin C
Cephalosphorin C is modified to?
Aminocephalosporanic acid
T/F: Aminocephalosporanic acid is further modified into 1st up to 5th generation Cephalosphorins.
True
Cephalosporins
- Cefaclor
- Cefazolin
1st Gen Cephalosporins (Narrow)
- Cefoprozil
- Cefuroxime
2nd Gen Cephalosporins (Expanded)
- Cefixime
- Cefotaxime
3rd Gen Cephalosporins (Broad)
- Ceftazidime
4th Gen Cephalosporins (Extendedn)
- Cefepime
5th Gen Cephalosporins
- Ceftaroline
- Ceftobiprole
Cephalosporin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination
- Ceftolozane and Tazobactam
- Ceftazidime and Avibactam
Monobactams (Narrow)
- Aztreonam
Broad spectrum, similar to 3rd gen cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Carbapenems have a slightly greater activity against?
- Enterics
- Pseudomonas
- Anaerobes
Carbapenems are not effective against?
- MRSA
- VRE
Carbapenems
- Imipenem
- Meropenem
- Doripenem
- Ertapenem
MOA of Glycopeptides
Binds to terminal D-Ala-D-Ala of the pentapeptidyl-glycosyl peptidoglycan intermediates
Activity of Glycopeptides is limited to?
Gram (+) only
Glycopeptides
- Vancomycin
- Dalbavancin
- Teicoplamin
MOA of Cycloserine
Inhibit synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursors in the cytoplasm
Cycloserine is considered as a 2nd line drug for?
TB
