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MT6320 BACTE > U3 LEC: BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND GENETICS > Flashcards

U3 LEC: BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND GENETICS Flashcards

1
Q

Size of bacteria

A

0.4 to 2um

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2
Q

Bacteria free water

A

less than 0.4 or 0.5

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3
Q

T/F: Not all cocci are round.

A

True

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4
Q

Strep

A

chains

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5
Q

Staph

A

clusters

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6
Q

Diplo

A

cocci in pairs

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7
Q

Bean / kidney / coffee bean shaped

A

Gram (-) diplococci
- Neisseria gonorrheae
- Neisseria meningitidis

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8
Q

Lancet shaped

A

Gram (+) diplococci
- Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

Bacilli

chains, picket fences, cigar packet

A

Palisades

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10
Q

Bacilli

Squared off ends

A

Gram (+) bacteria
- Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

Bacilli

Thin or short

A

Vibrio

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12
Q

Bacilli

Slightly curved

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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13
Q

Bacilli

Robust

A

Gram (+) bacilli

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14
Q

Inverted christmas tree

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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15
Q

Chinese letters

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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16
Q

School of fishes

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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17
Q

Fried egg appearance

A

Mycoplasma

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18
Q

Railroad tracks

A

Haemophilus sp.

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19
Q

Bacteria that causes orchitis

A

Brucella abortus

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20
Q

Medically relevant spirochetes

A
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Treponema pallidum
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
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21
Q

Corkscrew form

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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22
Q

Genetic potential of the organism’s DNA

A

Genotype

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23
Q

Expressed genetic characteristics

A

Phenotype

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24
Q

Prokaryotic transcription and translation occurs in the?

A

cytoplasm

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25
Q

Single dsDNA, closed, circular, supercoiled bacterial chromosome

A

Bacterial Genome

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26
Q

Extrachromosomal dsDNA, not essential for growth

A

Plasmids

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27
Q

Plasmids are significant in?

A

antibiotic resistance

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28
Q

Mobile Genetic Elements

A
  • Transposons
  • Insertion Sequence Element
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29
Q

This is mobile, can jump from one place in chromosome to another

A

Transposons

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30
Q

Transposons are significant in?

A

antibiotic resistance

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31
Q

This is the simplest mobile piece of DNA, causes disruption and inactivation of gene.

A

Insertion Sequence Element

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32
Q

Gene transfer/exchange between homologous regions on 2 DNA molecules.

A

Genetic Recombination

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33
Q

take up of naked DNA into bacterial cell

A

Transformation

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34
Q

Bacteria under Transformation

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
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35
Q

transfer of genes by a bacteriophage

A

Transduction

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36
Q

Bacteria under Transduction

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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37
Q

Refers to the phage in lysogeny

A

Temperate

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38
Q

transfer of genetic material from a donor to a recipient strain

A

Conjugation (Sex Pili / Conjugation Pili)

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39
Q

changes in the base sequence of DNA, insertions and deletions

A

Mutations

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40
Q

This is due to tautomeric shift of electrons in bases.

A

Spontaneous

41
Q

This is due to mutagens.

A

Induced

42
Q

2 Basic Groups of Bacteria

A
  • Autotroph (Lithotrophs)
  • Heterotroph
43
Q

Bacteria that use carbon dioxide as source of carbon

A

Autotroph (Litotrophs)

44
Q

Bacteria that require complex substances for growth

A

Heterotroph

45
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Light, CO2

46
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

Light, Organic Compounds

47
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Organic compound, CO2

48
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

Organic compounds

49
Q

Growth requirements (Nutrients)

A
  1. Carbon source
  2. Nitrogen source
  3. Energy source
  4. Metallic Elements
  5. Organic substances
  6. High osmotic pressure
50
Q

Growth requirements (Nutrients)

Synthesis of cell components

A

Carbon source

51
Q

Growth requirements (Nutrients)

protein synthesis

A

Nitrogen source

52
Q

Growth requirements (Nutrients)

for enzyme activation

A

Metallic Elements

53
Q

Growth requirements (Nutrients)

under Metallic Elements

A

Mg, K, Fe, Cl, Na, Ca

54
Q

Growth requirements (Nutrients)

Examples of organic substances

A

Amino acids

55
Q

Growth requirements (Nutrients)

Example of osmophilic bacteria

A

Archaebacteria

56
Q

Additional requirements for Fastidious organisms

A
  • Blood
  • Protein
  • Salt
  • Cysteine
57
Q

Blood

X and V factors

A

Hemin and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

58
Q

Blood is for what species?

A

Haemophilus spp.

59
Q

Protein is used for what species?

A

Mycobacterium

60
Q

Traditional carbon source of Mycobacterium species

A

potato starch and soy medium agar

61
Q

Protein can be in the form of?

A

bovine albumin

62
Q

How are proteins sterilized?

A

through <0.5 - <0.4 small pore size filters

63
Q

Halophilic bacteria

A

Vibrio

64
Q

This bacteria is positive in 5% NaCl.

A

Enterococcus

65
Q

This bacteria needs cysteine to grow.

A

Legionella pneumophila

66
Q

Medium with Cysteine for Legionella

A

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE)

67
Q

Agar that only has X factor

A

Blood Agar Plate

68
Q

T/F: BAP has V factors but only manifested if organism is hemolytic.

A

True

69
Q

Hemolyzed blood agar, has both X and V factors.

A

Chocolate Agar

70
Q

CAP is placed in?

A

candle jar

71
Q

Agar for aerobic conditions, gram (-) organisms, has crystal violet

A

MacConkey Agar

72
Q

has 7.5% NaCl, for Staphylococcus sp.

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

73
Q

has 4% NaCl

A

Mueller Hinton Agar

74
Q

Environmental Factors

A
  • Temperature
  • pH
  • Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide availability
  • Moisture
75
Q

pH range

A

6.5 to 7.5

76
Q

Exceptions for pH

A
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Escherichia coli
77
Q

20-40C

A

Mesophilic

78
Q

Only bacteria that grows beyond 40C (42C)

A

Pseudomonas aerigunosa

79
Q

50-60C

A

Thermophilic

80
Q

<20C, food and water

A

Psychrophilic

81
Q

Bacteria under Psychrophilic

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Listeria monocytogenes (dairy)
82
Q

Short optimum temperature range

A

Stenothermophilic

83
Q

Wide temperature range

A

Eurithermophilic

84
Q

Gaseous requirements

A
  • Strict/Obligate Aerobe
  • Strict Obligate Anaerobe
  • Facultative Anaerobe
  • Aerotolerant
  • Microaerophilic
  • Capnophilic
85
Q

How to tell if it is anaerobic

A
  1. deep seated infection
  2. very foul-smelling (sulfur)
  3. blackening in the area
  4. sandy granules
86
Q

Bacteria under Capnophilic

A
  • Neisseria
  • HAECK (Haemophilus, Actinobacteria, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)
  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
87
Q

Major constituent of both agar & broth media

A

Water

88
Q

Solid media

A

1-2%

89
Q

Semi-solid media

A

0.5% (SIM, MIO)

90
Q

Broth media

A

<0.5%

91
Q

Bacterial numbers increase through?

A

Binary fission

92
Q

Bacterial Growth

20 minutes

A

Escherichia coli

93
Q

Bacterial Growth

24 hours

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

94
Q

Growth rate is in terms of?

A

generation per hour

95
Q

Other term for Petroff Hausser Counting Chamber

A

Neubauer Counting Chamber

96
Q

Oxygen stable, active

A

Surface Hemolysis

97
Q

Oxygen labile, sensitive, hemolysin cannot be exposed

A

Subsurface Hemolysis

98
Q

T/F: The use of pure cultures must be observed in the pour plate and spread plate methods.

A

True

MT6320 BACTE (13 decks)

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