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MT6320 BACTE > U1 LEC: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND TAXONOMY > Flashcards

U1 LEC: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND TAXONOMY Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology

A

Systematic study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye

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2
Q

Microbiology involves the study of:

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Parasites
  • Fungi
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3
Q

Bacteria

A

Prokaryotes, Non-fastidious and fastidious

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4
Q

This refers to bacteria with no special requirements.

A

Non-fastidious

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5
Q

This refers to bacteria with special requirements or conditions.

A

Fastidious

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6
Q

Viruses

A

Bacteriophages, Virophages

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7
Q

They are either DNA or RNA.

A

Virus

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8
Q

T/F: Viruses can never be both DNA and RNA organisms.

A

True

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9
Q

T/F: Viruses are not classified as living nor dead.

A

True

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10
Q

Viruses require what to replicate?

A

Host

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11
Q

This has no active biochemical processes, and is found outside or not attached to the cell.

A

Virion

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12
Q

Where and how does the virion activate its biochemical processes?

A

Inside the cell, production of viral proteins

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13
Q

Parasites

A

Protozoans, Metazoans

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14
Q

Unicellular parasite

A

Protozoan

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15
Q

Multicellular parasite

A

Metazoan

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16
Q

Fungi

A

Biofilms

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17
Q

This is an emerging trend of study for the last 10 years.

A

Biofilms

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18
Q

Arrange the order of what a biofilm-producing bacteria produces

I. Slime layer
II. Single layer
III. Community

A

II, I, III

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19
Q

This refers to thickening of the colonies or added protection for bacteria. This layer may accumulate organic and inorganic debris, trap bacteria, parasites, etc.

A

Slime layer

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20
Q

Biofilms are problematic in the administration of ______ due to lack of penetrating power.

A

Antimicrobials

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21
Q

Example of biofilm-producing bacteria

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida spp.

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22
Q

Why do we study microbes?

A
  • Etiologic agent
  • Pathologic outcomes
  • Interventions
  • Antimicrobials
  • Industrial outcomes
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23
Q

Etiologic agent refers to?

A

Origin of disease or causative agent

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24
Q

Pathologic outcomes refer to?

A

manifestations of symptoms in different organ systems

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25
Q

Interventions refer to?

A

action applied

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26
Q

Antimicrobials refer to?

A

antibiotics

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27
Q

Industrial outcomes refer to?

A

How it translates to industry

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28
Q

Bacteria used in the industry and for what?

A

Escherichia coli for insulin (undergoes sterilization)

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29
Q

1st antimicrobial

A

Penicillin (from Penicillum)

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30
Q

T/F: Some antimicrobials are isolated from the genera of bacteria.

A

True

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31
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

A

suggested that disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

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32
Q

He suggested that disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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33
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology, observe microorganisms and describe them as “animalcules”

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34
Q

Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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35
Q

How did Anton van Leeuwenhoek describe microorganisms?

A

animalcules

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36
Q

Louis Pasteur

A
  • Father of Modern Microbiology
  • Pasteurization
  • Disproved Spontaneous Generation
  • Proponent of Biogenesis
  • Creation of Attenuated Vaccines
  • Fermentation
37
Q

Microscopic talks about?

A

Shape

38
Q

Circle shaped

A

Cocci

39
Q

Rod shaped

A

Bacillus

40
Q

Spiral shaped

A

Spirulum

41
Q

Chains

A

Strep

42
Q

Cluster

A

Staphy

43
Q

T/F: Bacteria has no color.

A

True

It adapts the color of the stain.

44
Q

This refers to when the bacteria took color from media.

A

Colony color

45
Q

This refers to the natural pigmentation or color.

A

Colony pigment

46
Q

Under fermentation are?

A
  • Bacterial replication
  • Antimicrobial control
  • Host microorganism interaction
47
Q

Joseph Lister

A

developed antiseptic system of surgery

48
Q

He developed antiseptic system of surgery.

A

Joseph Lister

49
Q

Importance of Antiseptic technique

A
  • to not contaminate the environment
  • clean, sterilized equipment
50
Q

Two kinds of contaminants

A
  • Environmental
  • Commensals/natural flora (arrest overgrowth of pathogenic)
51
Q

T/F: Commensals do not cause infections.

A

False

Can cause infections due to overdose once immune system is weakened

52
Q

Robert Koch

A
  • Koch’s Postulates
  • Discovery of Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Culture of bacteria using media such as Agar and Petri Dish
53
Q

What did Robert Koch discover?

A

Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

54
Q

1st Koch Postulate

A

Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease

55
Q

2nd Koch Postulate

A

Microorganism must be isolated and grown in pure culture

56
Q

3rd Koch Postulate

A

The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease4

57
Q

4th Koch Postulate

A

Microorganism must be recovered in diseased animal

58
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

discovered Salvarsan (syphilis treatment)

59
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

discovered Penicillin

60
Q

Area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature, identification)

A

Taxonomy

61
Q

Polyphasic Taxonomy is based on:

A
  • Genotypic charac
  • Phenotypic charac
  • Phylogenetic (Evolutionary Relationships)
62
Q

Genotypic characteristics

A

DNA, RNA, Plasmids

63
Q

This carries the genetic material for antimicrobial resistance.

A

Plasmids

64
Q

Phenotypic characteristics

A

macroscopic, byproducts, proteins, waste products

65
Q

Phylogenetic characteristics

A

groupings

66
Q

MALDI-TOF MS stands for?

A

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

67
Q

T/F: Before using MALDI-TOF MS, you must have a record in the database through traditional culture.

A

True

68
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A
  • Father of Taxonomy
  • Binomial classification
69
Q

Robert Whittaker’s Basis

A

Cellular Organism and Nutritional Pattern

70
Q

Robert Whittaker’s Kingdom System

A
  • Monera/Prokaryotae
  • Fungi
  • Protistae
  • Animalia
  • Plantae
71
Q

Carl Woese’s Basis

A

Cellular Organization and FunctionC

72
Q

Carl Woese’s Domain System

A
  • Bacteria
  • Eukaria
  • Archaea
73
Q

Hierarchial classification (Dear King Phillip Came Over For The Good Soup)

A
  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum/Division
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Tribe
  • Genus
  • Species
  • Subspecies
74
Q

This is composed of similar divisions.

A

Kingdom

75
Q

These have a common attribute.

A

Family

76
Q

Other name for Species

A

Epithet

77
Q

This is the most basic taxonomic group.

A

Species

78
Q

This refers to organism population that is differentiated from populations within species.

A

Strains

79
Q

This refers to variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences.

A

Biovars

80
Q

This refers to variation in serological reactions, strains with distinctive antigenic properties.

A

Serovars

81
Q

Antigenic properties refer to?

A

cell surface markers, whether living or non-living

82
Q

Family ends in

A

-aceae

83
Q

Order ends in

A

-ales

84
Q

Tribe ends in

A

-eae

85
Q

T/F: In transferring a species from one genus to another, the species is retained.

A

True

86
Q

ATCC stands for?

A

American Type Culture Collection

87
Q

NCTC stands for?

A

National Collection of Type Cultures

88
Q

T/F: ATCC is more common than NCTC.

A

True

MT6320 BACTE (13 decks)

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