u/a Flashcards
what happens to LV compliance, Angio II, Cardiac myosin heavy chain beta in uncontrolled HTN
Compliance (DECREASE)
ANGIO II/MYOSIN(INCREASE)
cuz decrease compliance
what do you expect to see in a graft when a reversible COMPETITIVE ANTAGONIST is + to FULL AGONIST
it will shift to the RT increase ED50 but NO change i the max effect(same height)
what type of collagen forms the scar after MI
I(tendon, ligaments, skin)
what are the chemokine receptor in HIV
CCR5, CXCR4
What lymphoma is ass w/ EBV/ and what abnormal cell will u see in the frontal lobe
Primary Central nervous system lymphoma(Lrg cell non-hodgkin lymphoma) increase in B cells cuz LYMPHOMA effects mostly B cells
Ventral Post. Thalamus can cause what type of stroke
PURE SENSORY!!!!
where does spinal stenosis occur most
lumbar region LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM HYPERTROPHY
SS of spinal stenosis
lower extremity pain, numbness/paresthesia, weakness(posture dependent standing, walking
MOA Amiloride Triamterene
K+ sparing (inhib epi Na+ channel preventing Na+ from entering=drives K+ secretion
Mushrooms(amatoxins) inhib what polymerase
RNA polymerase II( halts mRNA synthesis
DOC to slow down pulmonary fibrosis
PDGF, VEGF
what type of drug can you use break down empyema
TPA(fibrinolytic) decrease viscosity
how does PEEP help trt ARDS( what does it increase)
FRC
what can cause ARDS
sepsis, pneumo, trauma, PANCREATITIS
ARDS hv what type of lung mismatch
perfusion w/out VENTILATION
straw colored fluid is what type of pleura effusion
TRANSUDATE
if Leukocyte differential is mostly monocytes what type of effusion is it
TRANSUDATE
HIGH LDH is what type of effusion
ExUDATE
how do you differentiate sterile exudate in pleura space to bacterial invasion in pleural space
pH,>7.2 Glucose>60 WBCs<50,000 for STERILE. Bacteria is the opposite
bleeding nipple what breast should u think of
intraductal papilloma(fingerlike fibrovascular projections)
describe Phyllodes(benign) tumor of breast
overgrowth of fibrous component w/ leaf like projections
Adipose tissue converts androgens to what in a women
ESTRONE(estrogen)
what can you detect on DCIS
CALCIFICATION(necrosis/dystrophic ca+) NO BSMNT INVASION
what;s the MC malignant breast cancer
IDCIS(forms duct like structures). nipple dimpling
what are the 4 subtypes of IDCIS
Tubular, Mucinous, Medullary Inflammatory
what are the 2 cell types seen in normal breast
epi/myoepi. (cancer only has 1)
what mutation does a pt w/medullary carcinoma of the breast hv
BRCA1/will also hv plasma/lymphocyte cells
what does LCIS lack
cadherin(low risk to carcinoma
ILCIS grows in what type of fashion /y?
Single file cuz it lacks cadherin cells don’t stick 2gether
breast/ovarian has what type mutations
BRCA1
what mutations will u see in a male w/breast cancer
BRCA2
what hypersensitivity is Rheumatic fever
II
Pleomorphic adenoma is composed of what
MC tumor of parotid gland , chondromyxiod stroma(w/out Facial nerve palsy)
describe delta wave(WPW)
slurred upstroke of the QRS w/shortened PR interval
what’s the nucleotide/mutation in frederick-ataxia
GAA/Frataxin gene(fe+)
what are the deformities of fredereick-ataxia(GAA)
Hammer toes, pes cavus, kyphoscoliosis
what should rt sided varicole raise suspicion for
renal carcinoma, lymphoma obstructing testicular vein
What’s the haptoglobin lvl in mono(EBV)
decreases(hemolytic anemia)
what type of hypersensitivity is acute graft
IV (Th1 induced macrophage)
KIT mutation is ass w/ what
MASTOCYTOSIS
what is mastocytosis
proliferation of mast cells(rich in HISTAMINE) which can release gastric acid=gastric ulceration
what vit is a cofactor for cystathione synthase
B6
what enzyme is used to convert HOMOCYSTEINE to cysteine
Cystathionine Synthase(def causes Homocystiuria)
what causes def of hereditary FRUCTOSE intolerance
ALDOLASE B
Galactose-1 phospahte uridytrnsferase & Heredidaty Fructose intolerance present the same way what differentiate them
GUDPT is ealier(as soon breast feeding start cuz galactose) VS fructose is after when you start to introduce fruit to your baby
what ligament is usually involve in ovarian torsion
INFUNDIBULOPELVIC LIG
