pulm edema Flashcards
describe the histo of PE
engorged cap/pink acellular material
precision
’s should be close together 11.2 11.3 11.4(high precission) if given (4-14)
accuracy
close to target value (201 202 203(test 260) low accuracy
what places increase chances of legionella
cruise, hotel, hospital , nursing homes
what ion is low in legionella/what cells are high
Na+ neutrophils
what causes severe pain in appendecitis
pareital(somatic) peritoneum irritation.
what muscles in appendicitis would cause pain in hip extension
psoas
what muscles in appendicitis would cause pain in internal hip rotation
obturator internus
what does hep c lacks
proofreadin 3-5 exonuclease rna polymerase
artery for above dentate H.
sup. rectal(branch IMA)
vein for above dentate H
sup. rectal–IMV—splenic–portal vein
lymphatic for above dentate H
internal iliac
vein for below dentate H
inf. rectal-internal pudendal-internal iliac-common iliac-IVC
art for below dentate H
inf. rectal-(branch of internal pudendal art
lymphatic for below dentate H
superficial inguinal
lopinavir MOA/SE
PI/hypergluc, lipidystrophy,P450 inhib
WHat’s effected in HNPCC
mismatch repair
what’s systemic mastocytosis
prolif of mast cells(H1 release) due to KIT(tyrosine kinase receptor) mutation
MOA buserelin
GNRH analog (given for prostate cancer. can cause increase in androgen @ first
benefit/MOA buserelin
decrease LH/GnRH agonist(Pulsatile)
Continous=1st GnRH agonist then antagonist.(downregulate GnRH receptor DEcrease FSH, LH.
WORKS LIKE LEUPROLIDE
Bicalutamide MOA
androgen receptor inhib (prvnt testo surge
p450 inducers
carbamazipine, barbs, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin st. john’s, modafinil, cyclophospamide
p450 inhib
amiodarone, cimetidine, fluoro, clari, azoles(fungal) grape fruit, INH, ritonavir
what causes SYstemic edema in burn pts
cytokine release IL1, 6
what causes local edema in someone who has a cut on there foot
seperation of endothelial jxn
what can cause bilateral hydronephrosis in adult
retroperitoneal fibrosis( due to chronic ergomot use/smoking
if nephrolithiasis cause hydronephrosis is it unilateral or bi
unilateral
what’s a cause of hydronephrosis in kids
uteropelvic obstruction
what promotes cellular adhesion after a cut
IL1 TNF-a
descibe B. fragilis/causes/trt
cat+ anaerobic gram- rod/abcess(peritonitis. trt;ampicillin/sulbactam
what are the labs for PV
decrease EPO, inc plasma volume, RBC mass and NORMAL SaO2
symptoms of VIPOMA
watery dia, hypokalemia, achlorhydria
carcinod syndrome
watery dia, FLUSHING, increase 5HT
RNA polymerase I is exclusively present where
nucleolus (used for transcription)
renal biopsy of chronic malignant HTN
hyperplastic hyaline (onion skinning)
DM renal biopsy
hyaline(arteriole thickening) but NO ONION SKINNING
ALKAPTONURIA is a disorder of what metabolism
tyrosine
Homogentisate oxidase(alkaptonuria) mks what?
Maleyacetoacid–fumarate-TCA
what tye of capsule does B. anthrax cause
glutamate d. casule
what nerve can cause a radial deviation on extension of the wrist
post. interoneous nerve branch of radial nerve purely MOTOR.
TRT for tularemia/what caused it
aminoglycoside(GNAT)(30S) gentamycin & streptomycin DOG/LONE STAR TICK or Rabbit
what type of hemorhage seen in shaken baby syndrome
subdural(type of intracrainial hemorrhage)
what marker is found in serous cystadenocarcinoma/ what type of bodies
CA-125(epithelial origin) Bilateral adnexal mass has PSAMOMMA bodies
where does the liver lies
RUQ 5-12th ribs
what causes chediak-higashi syndrome
loss of fxn of lysosomal trafficking regulator gene(LYST) defect granules, microtubule, phagosome, lysosome, nrutrophils, monocytes
what causes prerenal azotemia
hypovolemia, hypotension, decrease CO, HF, furosemide
labs for pre-renal azotemia
> 500 <20 Urine Na, <1% FEna, BUN/Cr >20
causes of intrinsic renal failure
ATN(ischemic, sepsis, infection) AIN, glomerulonephritis,, vasculitis, malignant HTN, TTP-HUS
mechanism of acute graft rejection(kidney)
cellular rejection by host T lymphocytes & humoral rejection by circulating antibodies
SS for acute graft rejection in kidneys
increasing creatine lvl w/in days to wks after transplant
MOA for bone marrow transplant
donor T cells attack host(graft vs host)
SS for graft vs host diz
ab pain, vomit, dia
MOA of hyperacute rejection
preformed cytotoxic antibodies against HLA I
what would renal biopsy show for hyperacute rejection
necrosis, infarction thrombosis, increase creatine
bilateral renal agenesis causes what/due 2 what
oligogenesis/potter(no kidney you can’t add to the amniotic fluid)
what’s IPEX
immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy(x-linked) FOXP3 mutation(transcription for T cells.
SS of IPEX
eczema, psoriasis, DM
what ligament is effected in uterine prolapse
uterosacral
how does limited T-tubules effect contraction
leads to uncoordinated limited contraction of myofibrils= muscle weakness
how does a mutation in troponin c effects contraction
it would block intracellular Ca+=no muscle contraction
how to calculate false positive when specificity is 90% number of patients 300 and number of positive patients is 100
spec 90%=0.9
total pts=300
positive pts=100
1st) 300-100=200
2nd) 0.9=d/200 hv to X 0.9 on both sides
3rd) 180
4th) 200-180=20
what classify brief psych disorder
> 1 psych symtom lasting >1 day &<1 month
schizohreniform duration
> 1 month<6mos
What is RT-PCR used to diagnose
mRNA in AML. PCR does DNA
MOA LATANAPROST
PGF 2a increase outflow of aqueous humor via uveoscleral ptwy
VHL manifestations
cerebellar & retinal hemangioblastoma, pheo, renal cell carcinoma
what happens to ATII in ace inhibs
DECREASE
moa RIFAXIMIN
decrease intraluminal NH3 production
MOA lactulose
increase conversion of NH3 to NH4
cutis plastis is part of what syndrome
PATAU. p for plastis
