TYPHOID FEVER IN CHILDREN Flashcards
DEFINATION
ALSO KNOWN AS ___________ FEVER
Potential fatal ___________ illness
___________ infection caused by gram ___________ ___________ ___________ serovar ___________ and occasionally by salmonella ___________ ABC
ENTERIC FEVER ; multisystemic
Bacteria ; negative
almonella enterica serovar typhi
para typhi
Typhoid fever
____________________ contaminated by _____________ from an infected person
Salmonella ______________ :most reported type worldwide eggs
Food and water
faeces
enteritidis
The disease is most common in ___________ .
___________ are most commonly affected.
It is associated with ________ socio economic status and _______ hygiene
Rates of disease decreased in the developed countries in the 1940s as a result of improved sanitation and use of ____________ to treat the disease.
India ; Children
low ; poor
antibiotics
Pathophysiology
Live in ____________ of Animal and birds and transmitted to man through food contaminated with faeces.
Can infect ____________ of hen and contaminate the ____________ before the ____________ is formed
Once it escapes ____________, it goes to intestine and invade the ____________ unaffected by ____________
Asymptomatic period last __________mdays
Bacteria spread throughout the ______ of liver spleen gall bladder and bone marrow
intestinal tract
ovaries ; inside of egg
shell is formed
stomach acidity ; intestine
Payer’s patches ; macrophages
Typhoid fever
Asymptomatic period last ____days
Bacteria spread throughout the ______ of liver spleen gall bladder and bone marrow
7-10
RES
Classical presentation in African children
Often there is a gradual onset of a ________ fever over several days
_________
__________
__________
___________
splenomegaly
anorexia and hepatomegaly malaise
diffuse abdominal pains constipation
high
diarrhea
vomiting
abdominal pain
headache
Clinical features symptomatic period
First week :__________, ____________ of temperature and _______________
Second week abdominal pain lead to _____________ and __________
Diarrhea and abdominal distention
___________, a symptom of perforation
FEVER; Progressive elevation; abdominal pain
intestinal perforation and peritonitis
Rectal bleeding
NON AFRICAN CHILDREN
weakness , abdominal pain
___________ and __________ commonly occur.
__________ is uncommon and vomiting is ________________.
a __________ with ________ colored spots can occur
In severe cases there may be confusion
constipation ; headache
diarhoea ; not usually severe.
a skin rash ; rose
Examination
________ child , dehydrated
Abdominal ————-
____________ Abdomen
________ or _________ signs of peritonitis
Very ill
distention
Tenderness
Guarding or rigidity
diagnosis
Clinical
Fbc
Eucr
Abd x-ray
_______________________ CUTURES
_____________ CULTURES
_________ TEST
BLOOD ,STOOL ,URINE
BONE MARROW
WIDAL
Differential diagnosis of typhoid
List 4
Appendicitis
Malaria
pneumonia
UTI
treatment of typhoid fever
First _________
Previously, ____________ was a drug of treatment but there are a lot of resistance now
___________
__________ -LEVO/CIPROFLOXACIN
CEFIXIME
Carbapenems
Rehydrate
chloramphenicol
CEFTRIAXONE
QUINOLONES
COMPLICATIONS
In the third week of typhoid fever, a number of complications can occur:
•________________ due to _____________________________ , serious, not fatal.
•Intestinal __________ in the __________ : this is a very serious complication and is frequently fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until __________ or _______________ sets in.
•——————
•Respiratory diseases such as _____________ and acute bronchitis .
Intestinal haemorrhage; bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches
perforation; distal ileum; septicaemia ; diffuse peritonitis
Encephalitis; pneumonia
PREVENTION
A typhoid vaccine can prevent about _____% to ______% of cases during the _______ years.
The vaccine is effective for _________ years.
Other efforts to prevent the disease include providing clean drinking water, good sanitation, and handwashing.
Until it has been confirmed that an individual’s infection is cleared, the individual should not prepare food for others
40; 90; first two
seven
