BURNS IN CHILDREN

Question 1

DEFINITION OF BURN INJURY:
Burn injury is the effect of __________ energy upon the skin and other tissues.

Can also be defined as:
The injury sustained from application of a harmful agent to body surfaces such as __________, __________, __________ or some __________.

Answer 1

thermal

flame, hot water, oil or some chemicals.

Question 2

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BURNS IN
CHILDREN:
Usually caused by ___________

It is common amongst toddlers (Aged ______yrs old)
More (male or female?) toddlers are affected
However adolescent (males or females?) are affected more than (males or females?) in kerosene lamp explosions.

Answer 2

home accidents

1-4yrs

male ;females

males

Question 3

AETIOLOGY:
_________ burns
________ burns
________ burns (including kerosene lamp explosions)
________ burns
________ burns

Answer 3

Hot water burns
Hot oil burns
Flame burns
Electrical burns
Chemical burns

Question 4

CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS
By depth of burn injury:

First degree burns OR ___________________ burns.
Second degree burns OR _____________ burns (PTB).
Third degree burns OR ______________ burns (FTB).

Answer 4

Superficial partial thickness

Partial thickness

Full thickness

Question 5

CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS

By extent of burn injury:

Minor burn
(PTB <___% OR FTB < ___%)
Moderate burns
(PTB ___ – ___% OR FTB < ___%)
Major burns
(PTB > ___% OR FTB > ___% OR Burns of _____________________).

Answer 5

10; 2

10-20 ; 10

20; 10

hands, feet, face or perineum

Question 6

Body surface area estimation

Adults use ________________ rule of ______

Children use ________________ rule

Answer 6

Wallace ;9

Mower and bakdey

Question 7

Assessment of fluid loss from BSA

Formulae =???? = Xmls lost

Answer 7

%BSA X weight(kg)

——————————

        2

Question 8

Replacement of fluid loss from BSA

First 12hrs, give ____mls , ___hrly

Next 12hrs, give ____mls , ___hrly

Next 12hrs, give ____mls , ___hrly

Answer 8

3X; 4hrly

2X; 6hrly

X; 12hrs

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms of Burns
The signs and symptoms of burn injuries to the body vary with the severity of the burn.

First-degree burn causes ___________ (___________) and ___________ of the skin.

Second degree burn injuries result in ___________ and formation of ___________ (___________) at the burnt area of the body, redness and pains.
Third degree (severe) burns leads to ___________ of skin, ___________, ___________ and ___________ or ___________ skin. ___________ is not observed in third degree burns as the nerve endings that transmit pain are also burnt in the injury process.

Answer 9

redness (erythema) ; swelling

pain ; fluid filled eruptions

blisters ; peeling away ; redness

swelling ; white ; burnt (charred)

Pain

Question 10

The individual in cases of moderate-to-severe burn is usually in a state of _______.

Answer 10

shock

Question 11

Mx OF MINOR BURNS:
Apply ______ but ______ cloth.
Debride with __________.
__________ the blisters.
__________.
__________-dressing, if burn is less than ____% BSA.
__________-dressing, if burn > ____% BSA. Outpatient follow up.

Answer 11

cold ; clean
hibitane.
Leave intact
Analgesics.
Exposed ; 3%
Closed ; 5%

Question 12

MANAGEMENT OF MODERATE AND MAJOR BURNS
• Establish ___________-
• Give ——- PRN.
• Assess extent of ____ involved
• Assess the ____________.
• Insert indwelling ________________.
• Put in a _____________ tube.
• Monitor the ___________.
• Carry out investigations.

Answer 12

MANAGEMENT OF MODERATE AND MAJOR BURNS
patent airway
02
BSA
fluid requirement.
Foley’s catheter
nasogastric tube.
vital signs.
• Carry out investigations.

Question 13

MANAGEMENT OF MODERATE AND MAJOR BURNS/2

Treat the wound.
Commence oral fluids or diet ___________ after major burns.
_______ consultation.
_______therapy.
Blood transfusion P.R.N.
Analgesics.
———. + ———-.
Antibiotics.
Psychologist and work therapist (teacher).

Answer 13

36 – 48 hrs
Surgical
Physiotherapy.
T.T. + A.T.S.

Question 14

Complications of burns
Immediate
- __________ Shock.
- _______ or renal __________.
- ________ obstruction, Tracheobronchitis
- Pneumonia, __________
- Pulmonary __________.

Answer 14

Hypovolaemic
- Oliguria ; renal shut down.
- Laryngeal obstruction
Lung collapse
- Pulmonary Oedema.

Question 15

Complications /2
Intermediate (up to _________ following burn injury).
- Severe ________.
- Wound ————-.
-___________.

Late
-____________ Scars.
- _______ formation.
- ___________ and ___________.

Answer 15

2 weeks

Anaemia ; infection

Septicaemia

Hypertrophic; keloids

Contractures and deformities