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Senoir paeds > Random Shit > Flashcards

Random Shit Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs you give slowly and why :

List 5

A

_ Meropenem (nephrotoxic)
_ Piptaz (nephrotoxic)
_ Vancomycin (Redmann syndrome )
_ Calcium gluconate (arthymias or heart attack)
_ Potassium chloride (fatal)

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2
Q

How do neutralize vanco in redmann syndrome?

A

Give promethazine, hydrocortisone, antihistamine, normal saline

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3
Q

Indications for dialysis :
_ ___________ HTN
_ Uremic ___________, ___________, ___________
_ ___________ that cannot be resolved with ___________
_ metabolic ___________
_ ingestion of ___________
_ ___________

A

_ Recalcitrant HTN
_ Uremic gastritis, encephalopathy, pericarditis
_ Fluid overload that cannot be resolved with diuretics
_ metabolic acidsosi
_ ingestion of toxic drugs such as
_ hyperkalemia

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4
Q

Treatment of hyperkalemia:
_ treat ____________
_ ____________ to protect the ______
_ ____________, only effective in the presence of __________
_ _________ (0.1 U/kg) given concurrently with _________ (1mg/kg) : agents that will push potassium into the cell
_ ____________ : ion exchange resin : agents which will bind the potassium out of the cell

A

underlying cause

Calcium gluconate; heart

Sodium bicarbonate; acidosis

Insulin ; glucose

Kayxalate

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5
Q

Problems of a child with CKD :
_ ____________ suppression
_ reduced ____________ production
_ poor __________ (folic acid, B complex, Iron)
_ _______ ________

A

Problems of a child with CKD :
_ bone marrow suppression
_ reduced erythropoietin production
_ poor nutrition (folic acid, B complex, Iron)
_ Uremic gastritis

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6
Q

Paradoxical thromboembolism is suggestive of ________

A

ToF

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7
Q

Problems with Hypocalcemia :
_ __________
_ __________
_ __________ , arrythmias
_ __________
_ __________ sign
_ __________ sign

A

Problems with Hypocalcemia :
_ Rickets
_ Osteomalacia
_ Seizurearrythmias
_ Tetany
_ Trousea sign
_ chovostek sign

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of Cerebral abscess in VSD
_ ________
_ shunt from the _________
_ ______ lacks enough active ___________

A

stasis

right to left

brain; macrophages

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9
Q

Pulmonary HTN occurs in _____ to _______ shunts ; acyanotic HDx

A

left to right

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10
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Definition: ___________________________ or ___________________________ (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) for ≥___________

A

Persistent kidney damage

decreased kidney function

3 months.

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11
Q

List 5 common causes of CKD

A

Common Causes

Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetic Nephropathy).
Hypertension (Hypertensive Nephropathy).
Glomerulonephritis.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (genetic).
Chronic Obstruction (e.g., BPH, kidney stones)

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12
Q

Clinical Features of CKD

Early Stages: _____________ or nonspecific (e.g., fatigue, nocturia).

Advanced CKD:
_____________ symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, pruritus, confusion.
Fluid overload: _____________, pulmonary congestion.
_____________.
Bone disease: Due to secondary _____________ and _____________ deficiency (renal osteodystrophy).
Anemia: Due to _____________________

A

Asymptomatic

Uremic ; Edema

Hypertension ; hyperparathyroidism

vitamin D deficiency

reduced erythropoietin production.

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13
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

____________ in kidney function within ________________

A

Sudden decline

hours to days.

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14
Q

Causes of AKI (Classified by Location)

Pre-Renal (Hypoperfusion):

_________ (e.g., dehydration, hemorrhage).
Reduced _________ (e.g., heart failure).
Renal artery _________.

A

Hypovolemia

cardiac output

Stenosis

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15
Q

Causes of AKI

Intrinsic (Parenchymal Damage):
Acute _______________ (e.g., ischemia, nephrotoxins like NSAIDs, aminoglycosides).
_____________.
Acute _____________ (e.g., drug-induced, infections).

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Glomerulonephritis

interstitial nephritis

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16
Q

Causes of AKI

Post-Renal (Obstruction):
Obstruction of urine flow (e.g., _____,______,_________

A

BPH, stones, tumors

17
Q

Drugs to treat each type of seizure

Focal
General
Neonatal seizure

A

Carbamazepine
Sodium valproate or levetiracitam
Phenobarbital

18
Q

What meningitis vaccine strain are we getting?

A

MEN A

19
Q

Exclusive breastfeeding?

A

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is when an infant is fed only breast milk for the first six months of life.

ORS, syrup of vitamins, medicines are included

Water and other liquids/solids are not

20
Q

Difference between complementary and mixed/partial breastfeeding

A

Complementary Breastfeeding
Definition: Breast milk is provided alongside complementary foods, such as pureed fruits, vegetables, or cereals, to meet the nutritional needs of infants aged 6–24 months.

Mixed/Partial Breastfeeding
Definition: Breastfeeding is combined with formula feeding or other sources of milk. This can happen when breast milk supply is insufficient or when transitioning from exclusive breastfeeding.

21
Q

What is sepsis

Sepsis is ???

A

a life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.

22
Q

Criteria for Diagnosis:
Clinical signs:

List 4/5

A

Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, confusion, or hypotension.

23
Q

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS):

Children must meet at least _____ SIRS criteria, one of which must be ________ or _____________:

Core temperature: >———°C or <——-°C.

Heart rate:

Respiratory rate:

White blood cell count:

A

two

abnormal temperature or leukocyte count

38.5; 36

Elevated (>2 standard deviations [SD] above age norms) or bradycardia (<10th percentile for age, in infants <1 year).

Elevated (>2 SD above age norms) or need for mechanical ventilation.

Elevated or decreased for age or >10% immature neutrophils (bandemia).

24
Q

A __________ (VP) shunt is a medical device used to manage __________.

A

ventriculoperitoneal

hydrocephalus

25
Q

An _____________ (EVD), also known as a ____________, is a temporary medical device used to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain’s ventricles to relieve elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by hydrocephalus, trauma, or other neurological conditions.

A

External Ventricular Drain

ventriculostomy

26
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis.??

A

Enteroviruses(coxsackie and echoviruses)

27
Q

Tuberculous Meningitis
Appearance: ______,_______, or xanthochromic.
Opening Pressure: Elevated.

White Blood Cell (WBC) Count:________ (50–500 cells/µL); predominantly _________.

Protein:____________(100–500 mg/dL).
Glucose: ______ (<45 mg/dL or <40% of serum glucose).
Ziehl-Neelsen Stain: May show acid-fast bacilli (low sensitivity).
Culture: _________ for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (gold standard but slow).
PCR for TB: Positive in many cases.
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA): Elevated in CSF.

A

Clear, slightly turbid

Elevated; lymphocytes

Significantly elevated

Low; Positive

28
Q

Pathological processes

List all 9

A

Lysis
Inflammation
Ischemia
Immunology
Neoplasia
Deranged metabolism
Degeneration
Dysgenesis
Trauma

Senoir paeds (25 decks)

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